CONCLUSION 153 



It was Karl Krall who took up and continued the 

 work, improving on the original method and finally 

 making known the most astounding results which he 

 himself had succeeded in obtaining with his horses. 

 These accounts may be read in detail in Krall's great 

 book, a work the publication of which has been of 

 immeasurable importance in the history of animal 

 psychology. 1 Any reader of unbiased opinion will 

 be bound to acknowledge the value of this new method, 

 and the remarkable results achieved in the case of 

 Krall's horses have been equally successfully applied 

 when working with dogs. Frau Dr. Moekel of Mann- 

 heim evolved an independent rapping method of her 

 own, which admitted of the possibilities for counting. 

 This lady, however, soon became aware that a similar 

 method had already been invented and applied by 

 Herr von Osten, and she then enlarged on her own 

 efforts so as to include the spelling method above 

 mentioned. The feats of her dog Rolf were so remark- 

 able as to arouse as much surprise in his mistress as 

 in anyone else present. Frau Dr. Moekel was ex- 

 ceedingly careful to note down everything that could 

 serve as evidence, and in spite of her long and serious 

 illness was yet able, by dint of great exertion, to 

 complete her MS. She died in 1915, and her book, 

 which could not be published during the war, has only 

 recently become available to the public. It is grati- 

 fying to be able to welcome the appearance of another 

 little book on the same subject, the one now before 

 us, written by Fraulein Henny Kindermann ; this 

 volume having also suffered postponement, owing to 

 the war. This lady taught her dog on independent 

 methods of her own, devoting much loving and con- 



1 Karl Krall, " Denkende Tiere, Beitrage zur Tierseelenkunde, 

 auf Grund eigener Versuche," Leipzig, Engelmann, 1912. 



