164 LOLA 



proper estimation of the importance of the central fact 

 constituted by this mathematical capacity. 



From this central fact, proved over and over again 

 without any possible doubt to be true of the " think- 

 ing " animals, there have been developed two distinct 

 groups of consequences : (i) the prodigious mathe- 

 matical Tperformances occurring as by magic among 

 the Elberfeld horses at a certain point of their " educa- 

 tion " : (2) the apparent manifestations of thought 

 through the typtology or rapping out of words, 

 culminating in the " philosophic " achievements of 

 Rolf and Lola. 



For the reasons just mentioned the first group of 

 consequences seems to me to admit largely of biological 

 (i.e. biopsychical) explanation ; however, anything 

 which eventually does not fit into the biological 

 explanation may be made to enter without any effort 

 into the second method of explanation which, in view 

 of the facts, it seems to me that we must adopt for 

 the second of the two groups of consequences above 

 referred to. 



That mathematics can be " lived " rather than 

 " known " or, if any one prefers the term, " realized " 

 by an organism which is without any psychical accom- 

 paniment whatever of the human type, is a fact which 

 I find credible. But when Rolf speaks to me of the 

 origin of the soul, or makes up poetry ; when Lola 

 complains to me of honour lost, etc., the thing is not 

 credible to me in any way except by paying attention 

 to nothing except the feeling, which is so difficult to 

 avoid, that what is here speaking to me, versifying 

 and complaining, is a psychical " quid," absolutely 

 human and only human; a " quid" which therefore 

 is (after all) not the animal's, although manifested in 



