174 LOLA 



for an open-minded psychology. I may refer in 

 support of this view, among others, to the powerful 

 work of Morselli. And to return to the " thinking " 

 animals, we find that the mediumistic hypothesis, 

 however shifty it may seem, is a better explanation 

 than the telepathic hypothesis which has already 

 itself become rather more systematized in modern 

 psychology. 



After his visits to Elberfeld, Claparede, as I said, had 

 found it difficult to treat as valid the telepathic hypothesis 

 when applied to KralTs horses. What, indeed, had been 

 " transmitted " to them ? Numbers ? Words ? Single 

 letters ? (or orders to stop the foot at the right time ?) 

 It must be remembered that the horses were tapping their 

 answers by using a sort of stenography, that usually left 

 out the vowels : that besides, although the words could 

 be recognized in the most certain manner, the spelling was 

 most irregular, and, as I have already pointed out, some- 

 times reversed. Further, as to the words themselves, 

 most infantile phrases were used, certainly such as no 

 adult would have suggested. Was it suggestion then 

 from one unconscious to another ? But this is to fall back 

 upon a supposition of the " mediumistic " type, and takes 

 no count of the cases of replies to questions which were 

 unknown to everybody present, and brings us to the single 

 dilemma : either there is intelligence in the human sense 

 in the animal, or a relationship of the mediumistic type 

 above described between the several minds concerned. 



As to the interesting observations reported by Ferrari 

 and Pulle, it seems to me opportune to quote here some 

 extracts from the first of these distinguished authors. 



" This stance was particularly interesting, because I 

 find it recorded in my notes that a fact was verified three 

 times consecutively, which had occurred sporadically more 

 than once before, and had been observed and noted by us 

 and various other witnesses. 



" It consisted in this : While I was putting in the box 

 the number of balls which I had intended the horse to 

 read, the horse, which often could not even have seen the 



