A HISTORY OF CORNWALL 



ORTHORRHAPHA 

 NEMATOCER4 



PULICIDAE 1 



Pnlex irritans, L. No comb-like process on chin or 

 pronotum ; general 



fasciatus, Bosc. Comb of about eighteen teeth on 



pronotum ; on brown rat, Trun 



avium, Tasch. Comb of about twenty-eight 



teeth on pronotum ; on a fowl, Trun ; W '. 

 Cornwall 



melis, Walker. Comb of about eighteen teeth on 



pronotum ; on a badger from Baldhu 



sciurorum, Bouche. Comb of about eighteen 



teeth on pronotum ; on a squirrel from Kea 



serraticeps, Gerv. Comb of about sixteen teeth 



on chin and of about twenty teeth on pro- 

 notum ; on dogs and cats 



erinacei, Bouche. Comb of about four teeth on 



chin and one of six on pronotum ; on a hedge- 

 hog from Kea 



gomocephalus, Tasch. Comb of five or six 



teeth on each side of face and one of about 

 twelve on pronotum 



Hystrichopsylla obtusiceps, Rits. Comb of about 

 twenty teeth on the chin, of over forty on pro- 

 notum, with combs on sixth, seventh, and 

 eighth segments ; on a mole from Nance, 

 Trun 



Typhlopsylla musculi, Duges. Comb of about eight 

 teeth on chin, and of about twenty on prono- 

 tum ; on house mouse, Truro 



gracilis, Tasch. Comb of three or four teeth on 



each side of the head, and one of about eighteen 

 teeth on pronotum ; none could be found on 

 moles from the Truro district, but the species 

 was well represented on a mole from Menhentot 



CECIDOMYIDAE* 



Lasioptera rubi, Schrk. Galls not uncommon locally 



on bramble stems throughout the county and 



at Stilly 

 Cecidomyia betulae, Winn. Characteristic galls 



formed from the male catkins of the birch ; 



locally common in the east of the county and 



near St. Agnes 



bursaria, Bremi. The pretty little galls abundant 



almost everywhere on the leaves of ground ivy 



crataegi, Winn. Solitary galls formed from tuft 



of leaves at summit of upright shoots of haw- 

 thorn; common throughout the county, especially 

 in 1902 



destructor, Say. In 1886 the appearance of the 



Hessian Fly in Great Britain caused consider- 

 able alarm among agriculturists. The summer 

 form of attack upon the growing straw was 

 recorded from the Penzance and the Liskeard 

 districts, but the insect did not appear to spread, 

 and speedily died out 



1 The list of Cornish Pulicidae was drawn up by the Truro 

 Agricultural Students in 1901 exactly as it stands. 



* With few exceptions the presence of the following Ceci- 

 domyid species in Cornwall has been established by the identifi- 

 cation not of the insects themselves, but of the galls they pro- 

 duce. Only those county gall-makers are recorded that are 

 described and figured in Connold's Brithb Vegetable Galls, as the 

 published accounts of the other species were inaccessible to the 

 writer. 



ORTHORRHAPHA (continued) 



NEMATOCERA (continued) 



CECIDOMYIDAE (continued) 



Cecidomyia lathyri, Frfid. Apical galls on Lathyrus 

 pratensis found at Scawstvater, September, 1901, 

 and at Bodmin, July, 1903 



marginemtorquens, Bremi. Galls formed by re- 



flexed margins of leaves of common willow not 

 uncommon near Truro 



rosarum, Hardy. Pod-like galls formed from 



simple folded leaflets of the dog-rose, very com- 

 mon in 1901, but scarce during the last two 

 years 



saliciperda, Duff. Roundish and irregular galls 



often common near the apex of the sallow 

 twigs throughout the year 



ulmariae, Bremi. The tiny gregarious globular 



galls abundant on leaves of meadow-sweet at 

 Pencalenick, June, 1904 



urticae, Ferris. Galls on almost every part of the 



common nettle, abundant at Millook in 1905, 

 and occasionally found in quantity on nettle 

 patches throughout the county 



veronicae, Vallot. The terminal green leaf- 



formed galls covered with long white hairs 

 extraordinarily abundant almost everywhere on 

 Germander speedwell 



violae, F. Lw. Galls formed from unrolled base 



of leaf lamina on dog violet, common in 

 occasional clumps 



Diplosis botularia, Winn. Long slender galls on 

 mid-rib of the leaflets of the ash, widespread 

 and locally common 



pyrivora, Riley. This is the deadliest enemy to 



pear cultivation in Cornwall, though it does 

 not seem to have been noticed in the county 

 till thirteen years ago 



tremulae, Winn. Galls on the petioles of aspen 



widely spread but local 



tritici, Kirby. The wheat midge. This seems 



to have been a much more serious pest in 

 the county twenty or thirty years ago than 

 it is at present. No attack on an extensive 

 scale has been recorded since systematic obser- 

 vations were undertaken seven years ago, but 

 wheat heads are occasionally sent in from the 

 east and middle of the county containing 

 numerous lemon or orange coloured cecidomyid 

 larvae sometimes just inside the outer glumes, at 

 other times on the young ovary. It is pre- 

 sumed these belong to this species, but the 

 insect itself has not been submitted to a compe- 

 tent authority for identification 



Hormomyia annulipes, Hart. Pilose yellowish-orange 

 gregarious galls abundant on the upper surface 

 of the leaves of a beech tree at Boitmin in July, 

 1901 



capreae, Winn. Coalesced greenish-yellow galls 



not uncommon on the under-surface of the 

 leaf of the sallow 



fagi, Hartig. Small gregarious glabrous galls of a 



yellowish colour, bright red at the apex, on the 

 upper surface of the leaf of the beech, found 

 somewhat sparingly at Launceston 



millefolii, Lw. Small irregular pedunculated 



green galls on the leaf segments and midrib 

 of yarrow, widely spread, but not usually 

 plentiful 



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