A HISTORY OF CORNWALL 



terminal joints or so-called ' palps ' are absent from the maxillipeds ; and the Gammaridea, which 

 agree with the first division in having the palps, and with the second in having the pleon well 

 developed. 



The last-named tribe is subdivided into numerous families, of which the following are repre- 

 sented in these waters. The Lysianassidae comprise many genera and species, in which also the 

 difficulties of identification are not few, with the result that a rather large number of the names 

 assigned by Bate have fallen to the ground. In his 'Revision' 1 he mentions Lysianassa Costae, Milne- 

 Edwards, L. audouiniana, Bate, and L. atlantica, Milne-Edwards. For the first it seems that now 

 the name p/umosa, Boeck, should be accepted ; for the second (recorded by Norman from Polperro) 

 Perrierella audouiniana (Bate), for the third Ambasia atlantica (Milne-Edwards). 2 Socarnes erythro- 

 phthalmus, D. Robertson, has been found at Falmouth by Norman. 3 From Polperro through Loughrin 

 he obtained Bate's Scopelocheirus crenatus, which he identifies with the earlier Callisoma hopei, A. Costa. 4 

 Norman also reports Orchomenella nana (Kroyer) from 'Polperro, Cornwall (Laughrin),' 5 placing it 

 in the genus Tryphosa in opposition to Sars, to whose work he refers, without noticing the 

 substantial reason which that writer adduces for retaining the species in his genus Orchomenella. 6 

 Under Anonyx edwardsl Bate and Westwood say, ' From Falmouth it has been sent us by 

 Mr. Webster and we have dredged it in Plymouth Sound.' 7 According to Norman the species intended 

 ought to be named Orchomene humilis (A. Costa). 8 As to their Anonyx holbb'lli, Bate and Westwood 

 say, ' Mr. Loughrin has sent us a half-grown specimen, from Polperro, on the coast of Cornwall, 

 and we have dredged it in Plymouth Sound.' 9 Sars points out that this is not Kroyer's A. holb'dlli 

 but Hop/onyx cicada (O. Fabricius). 10 Bate and Westwood report Anonyx minutus, Kroyer, as sent 

 to them by Mr. Webster from Falmouth, and as dredged in Plymouth Sound. 11 Kroyer's species 

 is referred by Sars to Orchomenella^ but Norman is disposed to think that Bate and Westwood were 

 really dealing with a young male of Orchomene humilis (Costa). ' Both figures and description,' 

 he says, 'accord with O. humilis, except the description of the posterior peraeopoda, which descrip- 

 tion, however, does not accurately apply to any allied form known to me.' 1: Tryphosa nanoides 

 (Lilljeborg) was taken at Polperro on a skate by Norman himself. 13 This and other species of the 

 family have been noted by David Robertson of Cumbrae for their activity as sea-scavengers, the 

 crowd at any particular banquet generally being composed of a single species. 14 Norman makes 

 the comment, ' It is not always so, for I may mention that at Falmouth on a dead fish in a crab-pot 

 I found Orchomene humilis and Socarnes erythrophthalmus associated in thousands of each species 

 enjoying their dinner in mutual respect.' 16 



The family Ampeliscidae in many of its species shows the peculiarity of four eyes externally 

 simple. The species which Bate and Westwood regard as Ampelisca gaimardi, Kroyer, is now held to 

 be not Kroyer's species, but Bate's own A. typica. They report it from ' off Fowey, taken by 

 Mr. Wells, of the Admiralty Survey,' and add that ' in Plymouth Sound it has been dredged by 

 Mr. T. P. Smyth and ourselves.' 16 A. belliana (Bate), also dredged in Plymouth Sound, 17 is now 

 identified by Delia Valle with A. brevicornis (A .Costa). 18 



In the family Haustoriidae stands one of our most beautiful amphipods, the sand-burrowing, 

 sand-furrowing, and sand-coloured Haustorius arenarius (Slabber). It is far from uncommon. Its 

 beauty lies principally in the varied equipment of plumose hairs. Bate says, ' I first found this species 

 on the coast of South Wales on sandy snores between the tide marks, but I found afterwards that 

 undescribed specimens had been in the collection of the British Museum, which had been taken by 

 Dr. Leach in the neighbourhood of Falmouth.' 19 Bate records his own Urothoe e/egans, named from 

 its beautifully variegated colouring when alive, as ' taken from some trawl refuse from the neighbour- 

 hood of the Eddystone.' * 



Of the Phoxocephalidae Bate dredged in Plymouth Sound Phoxocephalus holbslli (Kroyer), and a 

 species which Norman upholds as P. simplex (Bate), while A. O. Walker identifies it with the 

 preceding species. 21 The Leucothoidae are represented by Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard) from 



I Op. cit. p. 45. 



! Compare Norman in Ann. Nat. Hist. (1900), Ser. 7, vol. v, 143, 144, 199. 



3 Ibid. p. 144. ' Ibid. p. 200. 5 Ibid. p. 203. 



6 Crust, of Norway, vol. i, Appendix (1895), p. 683. 



7 Brit. Sess. Crust, vol. i, 97. 8 Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 7, vol. v, 202. 

 9 Brit. Sess. Crust, vol. i, 107. 10 Crust, of Norway, vol. i, 93. 



II Brit. Sess. Crust, vol. i, no. 1! Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 7, vol. v, 204. 



13 Ibid. p. 206. 



14 Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgvw (1892) vol. iii, 205. 



15 Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 7, vol. v, 203. 



1(1 Brit. Sess. Crust, vol. i, 134. " Ibid. p. 137. 



ls Norman, Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. j, vol. v, 342. 



' Revision,' p. 49. Ibid. p. 48. 



" See Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 6, vol. xvii, 343 ; vol. xviii, 156 ; Ser. 7, vol. v, 335. 



278 



