A HISTORY OF CORNWALL 



being a small doorway usually about 3 or 4 ft. in height and about the same 

 in width. 1 The cave at Bodinnar in Sancreed may have consisted of a single 

 chamber only, but it was in ruins in 1769^ and had wholly disappeared in 

 i845. 3 That at St. Eval * seems to have been always a single chamber, 

 but it makes up for that deficiency in being the largest in internal dimensions, 

 being 50 ft. long by 8 ft. high and 10 ft. wide, the average size of these 

 structures being from 30 to 40 ft. in length, 5 to 6 ft. in height, and 3 or 

 4ft. wide. 



The most striking of the class is the cave at Chapel Euny, in Sancreed,' 

 which has on the north side of the main gallery a large round chamber about 

 1 4 ft in diameter and 12 ft. high in the centre, with a domed roof of stones, 

 of ' beehive ' pattern. 



The caves at Chysauster, 6 Boscaswell, 7 and Trewardreva 8 have all been 

 much destroyed, and a portion of the side chamber at Trewoofe 1 has shared 

 the same fate ; the others have not been explored or no records have 

 been kept. 9 



There is an underground tunnel about 90 ft. long at Bodean Veor, in 

 St. Anthony in Meneage, 10 but this differs from the regular ' Fogous ' in that 

 it is a mere excavation without any stones for walls or roof. 



At Trenear, in Wendron, 11 is a building of stone, 1 3 ft. by 9 ft., of which 

 the roof is made of eight blocks of granite, four on each side, standing on the 

 walls and leaning to meet in the middle, forming an acutely pointed roof ; at 

 the back of this 'room,' an aperture 3&ft. high leads into a tunnel 19 ft. long, 

 cut into the ' country,' of which part of the walls are faced with stone. This 

 building was said, in Tonkin's time (i739), 12 to have been a cellar and 

 Trenear house, ' one of the hunting seats ' of the ' ancient dukes of Cornwall.' 



A few of these caves have been carefully searched. Dr. Borlase examined 

 Pendeen and found in the floor of the second chamber a pit 3 ft. in diameter 

 and 2 ft. deep, ' but nothing in it remarkable ' ; I3 a similar pit is recorded u at 

 Trewardreva which contained ashes. It is stated that an urn containing 

 human ashes, a cup, and some bones, supposed to be those of a deer, were 

 found at Halligey. 16 At Treveneague, 18 which was filled with earth and 



I Trewoofe, Trans. Penz. Nat. Hist, ana" Antiq. Sev. i, 249 ; Borlase, Antiq. (as Bolleit), 292 ; Lysons, op. 

 cit. ccxx. Chapel Euny, Edmonds, The Land's End District, 52 ; Trans. Penz. Nat. Hist, and Antiq. Soc. 

 (1862-5), 14; Lukis, op. cit. 1 8 and plan. Treveneague, Trans. Penz. Nat. Hist, and Antiq. Soc. (1867), 3. 

 Boscaswell, Journ. Roy. Inst. Cornw. (1864), ii, 7. Pendeen, Borlase, Antiq. 293 ; Lysons, op. cit. ccxx. 

 Halligey, near Trelowarren, Journ. Roy. Inst. Cormv. viii, pt. iii (1885), 243 ; Arch, xl; Lysons, op. cit. ccxx. 



* Borlase, Antiq. 292 ; Lysons, op. cit. ccxx. 



3 Trans. Penz. Nat. Hist, and Antiq. Soc. i, 247 ; Bateman, Vestiges, 5. 



4 Borlase, Antiq. 292 ; Journ. Roy. Inst. Cornw. i, pt. iv (1865), 64. 



5 Chapel Euny, Edmonds, The Land's End District, 52. 



6 Edmonds, The Land's End District, 5 I . 



7 Boscaswell, Journ. Roy. Inst. Cornw. ii (1864), 7. 



8 In Constantine, Polwhele, Hist, of Cornw. (as Bos au-an), i, 129; Lysons, ccxx, now used as a 

 fowl-house. 



9 Tremenheere in Mullion, Borlase, Naen. Corn. 240 ; Polkanogou in St. Keverne, Polwhele, Hist, i, 

 129 (note); Altarnun near Roughtor, Journ. Roy. Inst. Comto. (1885), 252; Altarnun at West Carne, 

 Journ. Roy. Inst. Cornw. (1888), 342 ; at Trew in Breage, Journ. Roy. Inst. Cormv. (1888), 360 ; Chysauster 

 in Gulval, Edmonds, op. cit. 51. 



10 Polwhele, op. cit. i, 1 29. 



II Trans. Penz. Nat. Hist, and Antiq. Soc. (1887-8), 348. 



12 Gilbert, Paroch. Hist, ii, 138. ls Pendeen, Borlase, Antiq. 293 ; Lysons, op. cit. ccxx. 



14 Polwhele, Hist, of Cornw. i, 129 ; Lysons, op. cit. ccxx. 



15 Journ. Roy. Inst. Cornw. viii (1885), 243 ; Arch, xl ; Lysons, op. cit. ccxx. 



16 Treveneague, Trans. Penz. Nat. Hist, and Antiq. Soc. (1867), 3. 



368 



