EARLY CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS 



SOUTH HILL. Rude pillar stone standing in the rectory garden. Discovered by the late 

 S. J. Wills, of St. Wendron, on 3 September, 1891, in rockery of vicarage garden. The 

 inscription is in two vertical lines surmounted by the Chi-Rho monogram : Q-f- CVMREGNI 

 FILI MAVCI. (Plate III, fig. 25.) 



TAWNA. See CARDINHAM (3). 



TINTAGEL. Ornamented cross standing in garden in front of the Wharncliffe Arms 

 Hotel, in Trevena. 1 Found in 1875 by J. J. E. Yenning; in use as a gatepost at 

 Trevillet. On the front is the inscription MATHEUS MARCVS LVCAS IOH, and on the back 



JELNAT + FECIT HAC CRVCEM P[RO] A[n]lMA SU. (Plate VI, fig. 42.) 



TREVENA See TINTAGEL. 

 TREVENEAGE. See ST. HILARY (2). 

 WELLTOWN. See CARDINHAM (4). 



CROSSES 



It will be easily understood that in these pages it is quite impossible 

 to deal fully with the subject of the Cornish crosses. In the summary 

 on p. 426 it has been shown that they can be reckoned not by scores but 

 by hundreds. In this connexion it is worth mentioning that since 1896 

 fifteen stones have been brought to light, including one or two that had 

 been previously entered as ' missing.' Under these circumstances it will 

 be more interesting to illustrate the different types of crosses as far as 

 possible by the new finds rather than by those which have been already 

 published, in order that they may appear here for the first time. 8 



It has always been a more or less difficult question to determine for 

 what purpose the majority of the crosses were erected, as by far the 

 greater number of them are dotted about on the bleak moors, and when 

 set up must have been far from any habitation. There can, however, be 

 little doubt that many of them were erected in certain positions as guides 

 or landmarks across the county in the days when Cornwall was an almost 

 trackless waste. Even at the present time many of them are to be found 

 in situ by the roadside, thus showing that from time immemorial the old 

 cross tracks have been preserved, and the now accepted term of 'wayside 

 cross' has been applied to those which are thus situated. Another reason 

 for their presence is that, like the churchyard crosses, many were erected 

 for devotional purposes or praying stations. Of this fact there is ample 

 evidence, but a single instance in support of this statement will be 

 sufficient for the purpose. In cap. 3 of the Hodae Gloricon of St. Willibald? 

 c. 754, is the following passage : 



And when his parents in great anxiety of mind were held in suspense as to the 

 death of their son, they made an offering of him before the great cross of Our Lord 

 and Saviour. For it is the custom of the Saxon race that on many of the estates of 

 nobles and of good men they are wont to have, not a church, but the standard of the 

 holy cross dedicated to the Lord and reverenced with great honour, lifted up on high 

 so as to be convenient for the frequency of daily prayer. 



1 Trevena is the name of the village of Tintagel. 



' The following list contains the new illustrations : Allen, St. In churchyard, fig. 66, Trefro- 

 nick, fig. 79 ; Altarnun Halvinney Moor, fig. 8 1 ; Bllsland, Tregaddick, fig. 82 ; Enoder, St. In 

 churchyard, fig. 89; Lanlvet Laninval, fig. 52; Lelant Cairn, fig. 56; Roche Trerank, fig. 77; 

 Stephen-in-Brannel, St. In churchyard, fig. 53; Tresmeerln church porch, fig. 71 ; Winnow, St. 

 Higher Coombe, pi. vii, fig. 50. 



* Translated by Canon Brownlow, D.D. 



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