A HISTORY OF CORNWALL 



4. WHEEL CROSSES WITH CRUCIAL PROJECTIONS 1 



The distinctive feature of this type consists in the addition of three rectangular projec- 

 tions extending beyond the rounded head. 



There are four examples, viz. : 



Blhland St. Pratt's Well, Peverell's Cross ; Cardinham In churchyard, No. I, Treslea 

 Cross (fig. 68). See also type 5 (f)> 



5. HOLED CROSSES 



This term is applied to those crosses which have two, three, or four holes between the 

 arms and ring of the head. With the exception of the cross in Phillack churchyard, which 

 has only the two upper holes pierced, and the two crosses at Egloshayle (fig. 69) and 

 Perranzabuloe, which have three, 2 all have four holes, and are locally called ' Four-hole 

 Crosses.' 



There are altogether twenty-eight examples of four-holed crosses, of which the following 

 thirteen are unornamented. 



Burian, St. In churchyard ; Egloshayle Pencarrow ; Erth, St. In churchyard, No. I ; 

 Laneast In church ; Lanhydrock Lanhydrock Park ; Lawhitton Treniffle ; Lewannick 

 Trelaske; Michaelstow In churchyard ; Padstow In churchyard, No. I ; Paul, St. On 

 churchyard wall ; Tresmeer In church porch ; Tudy, St. Trevenning Cross ; Wendron, 

 St. In churchyard. 



In monuments of this kind the limbs of the cross are connected by a ring, which is 

 slightly recessed from the face, and kept within the extremities of the limbs. The four holes, 

 which are in a few cases circular, are pierced through the triangular spaces left between the 

 limbs of the cross and the inside line of the ring. As a rule the sides of the spaces are first 

 splayed inwards for a short distance from front to back, and the remaining portion is pierced. 

 The lower limb of the cross is, in all cases, larger than the others. 



These crosses may be classified as follows : 



(a) Plain Crosses with no beads on the Head 



Laneast In church ; Lanhydrock In Lanhydrock Park ; Tudy, St. Trevenning Cross 

 (fig. 70). 



(b) With beads on the Head and Projections at the Neck 

 Lewannick Trelaske. Only the head of this cross now remains. 



(c) With Crucial Projections 

 Tresmeer In church porch. The only known specimen of the type (fig. 71). 



(d) With an abacus, or projecting bead surrounding the Neck 



The four holes in the head are very large, and occupy the whole of the space between 

 the ring and the equal limbed cross within. The type is not found out of the county. 



Lawhitton Treniffle ; Michaelstow In churchyard (fig. 72). 



The cross at Michaelstow is a very fine example, and stands 1 1 ft. 3 in. high, while that 

 at Treniffle is only a cross-head. 



(e) IVith five bosses on both front and back of the Head 

 Wendron St. In churchyard (fig. 73). 



(f ) With the figure of our Lord on the front, and five bosses on the back 



Burian, St. In churchyard (Plate XII); Erth y St. In churchyard, No. I; Paul, St. 

 On churchyard wall. 



1 Other crosses possessing this feature will be found at Penmon, Anglesea, and on some of the West 

 Highland crosses, as Maclean's Cross, lona ; and Kilchoman, Islay. 



2 These are the only two specimens of this type at present known to exist in Great Britain. In 

 outline they resemble type 3 . 



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