A HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE 



Ernulf, held in John's reign by Geoffrey, Count of Perche. 1 As Ernulf's 

 fief is recognized as notoriously difficult to trace, it may be explained 

 that the ' Simon de Chelefeld ' who held five fees of it in 1 1 66 derived 

 his name from Chelsfield, Kent, and that his fees are represented by 

 Kentish manors which were held in 1086 by Ernulf under the bishop 

 of Bayeux. Two of these are recorded in 1346 to be held of the 

 ' Honour of Newbury,' a which takes us back to the Domesday entry. 



The gift of Ernulf's tithes to Preaux luckily mentions that they 

 arose from ' all the revenue of the vill, that is, of mills, of toll (theloneo)^ 

 and all else. This charter is earlier than Domesday, and proves the 

 existence of a toll, which virtually implies a market. It also mentions 

 the substantial glebe of a hide as attached to the church, though 

 Domesday does not speak of it. 



Of the town of Hungerford the great survey contains no mention. 

 Camden's statement that its ancient name was ' Ingleford Charman 

 Street,' has led to the supposition that we should seek it in the ' Ingle- 

 flot ' or ' Inglefol ' of Domesday ; but I have shown in a note to the 

 text that this is a misconception. In my opinion its subsequent history 

 points to a very different identification. Perhaps the earliest mention 

 of the name is found, as with Newbury, in my Calendar of Documents 

 preserved in France, where, in a charter assigned by me to 1101 1118, 

 we read of ' a certain manor near Hungreford, Edevetona by name ' 

 (p. 124). This manor was the ' Eddevetone ' of Domesday, which 

 enters it on the royal demesne, and is now Eddington adjoining Hunger- 

 ford, in which with Hidden (or Hudden) it is a joint tything. This 

 charter is a grant by Robert, count of Meulan, to a religious house at 

 Beaumont, his Norman stamm&aus, of this manor out ' of the lands and 

 honours he had acquired in England,' which implies that this great 

 royal favourite had been made a grant of it out of the King's demesne. 



Now when we find Eddington 8 and Hungerford 4 in the hands of 

 his heirs, the earls of Leicester, under Henry II, we may safely infer 

 that the town of Hungerford grew up, subsequently to Domesday, 

 under the earls of Leicester, its origin, of course, being due to its 

 position on the Kennet at the junction of several roads. As the town 

 grew, its name, as in other cases, would overshadow that of Eddington. 



Legal antiquities are well represented in the Berkshire portion of 

 the Survey. In addition to the very important summary of Berkshire 

 customs which follows the account of Wallingford, we have note- 

 Pipe Roll of the same year (1166) this Nicholas, as steward of Payn de Mundublel, is one of the three 

 sureties for the 4.0 due from William of Newbury ' pro appellatione falsonarii ' (p. 120). As Payn 

 accounts for his dues to the Crown under Berkshire (Ibid. p. 121, Pipe Roll 13 Hen. II. p. 6), and as the 

 whole of the above 40 was remitted to himself, he was probably not only lord of Newbury but had a 

 residence there. An earlier Pipe Roll, that of 1163, associates him with the place (p. 5 2 )- 

 i Ibid. p. 748 ; Cat. Charter Rolls, i. 102. 3 Feudal Aids, iii. 49, 50. 



3 ' Edivetona feod' Com' Legr' ' appears in 1167 and 1168 (Pipe Roll 13 Hen. II. p. 8 ; 14 Hen. II. 

 p. 202). For the subsequent exchange by which St. Frideswide's acquired the manor from the Norman 

 house see Cartulary of St. Frideswide's (Oxford Hist. Soc.). 



* The Earl of Leicester's rebellion brought Hungerford back for a time into the hands of the Crown. 

 Hence in 1173 we find the sheriff accounting for 5 6s. Sd. for the ' farm ' of Hungerford ' terra Com' 

 Legr'ie,' for Midsummer term (Pipe Roll 19 Hen. II. p. 66). 



