MARINE ZOOLOGY 



3. Tubularia larynx y Ellis & Sol. 



My specimens have usually been obtained 

 from the bottom of my yacht, and dead ones 

 are so often seen in such situations that the 

 species must be common all along the coast. 

 Small groups are also occasionally dredged off 

 Mersea. 



It is interesting to note that the original 

 description of this species (1755) was probably 

 based on Essex specimens, since Ellis refers 

 to the abundance of the ' windpipe coralline ' 

 ' near the mouth of the Thames, adhering to 

 other marine bodies, and often to the bottoms 

 of ships.' 



4. Tubularia indivisa. 



Mr. Unthank gives this as found off 

 Brightlingsea. Unfortunately in 1901 I was 

 unable to obtain any specimens in order to be 

 sure that I had found this species as well as 

 T. larynx. 



5. Eudendrium ramosum. 



Off Brightlingsea (H. W. Unthank). 



6. Okelia gelatinosa (Pallas). 



Several fine specimens in my collection from 

 the Orwell, and there can be little doubt as 

 to its occurrence in Essex waters. 



7. Clytia jahnstoni (Alder). 



Off Brightlingsea (H. W. Unthank). 



8. Haledum halednum, Linn. 



The specimens collected were probably 

 dredged off Mersea. 



9. Sertularella po/yzoniai (Linn.). 

 Found by Mr. Hope near Harwich. 



O. Sertularia putni/a, Linn. 



Found by Mr. Hope near Harwich at all 

 seasons. The specimens show considerable 

 variation in the thickness of the stems and 

 attenuation of the internodes, some having all 

 the characters of HassaU's species gracilis, 

 which Mr. Hope thinks should probably be 

 regarded as a variety of pumila. 



1 1. Sertularia operculata, Linn. 

 Found by Mr. Hope near Harwich. 



12. Sertularia abietina, Linn. 



Found by Mr. Hope near Harwich. 



13. Sertularia argentea, Ellis & Sol. 

 Near Harwich (S. P. Hope). 



14. Hytlrallmania falcata (Linn.). 



Near Harwich (S. P. Hope), and often 

 dredged off Mersea and in other localities of 



Essex. 



15. Antennularia antennina (Linn.). 



Near Harwich (S. P. Hope), and dredged 

 in various other localities. 



1 6. Plumularia setacea (Ellis). 



Specimens bearing gonophores from the 

 Orwell, and probably occurs also in the 

 neighbouring estuaries of Essex. 



17. Plumularia echinulata, Lamarck. 



This appears to be a common species in 

 Essex waters. Specimens taken near Harwich 

 by Mr. Hope in June and October bear 

 gonophores, and are attached to pieces of 

 filamentous weeds and Zostera. 



2. MEDUSJE 



The smaller medusae (Hydromedusar) are 

 produced by lateral budding from various 

 Hydroid stocks, e.g. Syncoryne, Obelia. 



The larger medusae (Discomedusae) do not 

 always exhibit a similar alternation of stages 

 in their life history, but Aurella and Chrysaora 

 are known to be produced by a remarkable 

 process of successive fission from minute 

 Hydra-like polyps which form extensive 

 colonies on old oyster shells and similar 

 objects. 



A. Hydromeduste 



1. Phia/idium, sp. var. 



Caught in a tow-net in the Wallet, but 

 not well preserved. Probably many other 

 species could be obtained if carefully looked for. 



B. Discomeduste 



2. Chrysaora isosceles (Linn.). 



I have collected this in the Crouch at 

 Burnham and in the Stour at Mistley, but 

 more off Harwich than elsewhere, though I 

 have never seen many. The colour seems to 

 vary a good deal in different years, the upper 

 surface being sometimes beautifully striped 

 with brown, and sometimes scarcely marked 

 at all. In 1899 I saw off Felixstowe one 

 estimated to have a disk a foot in diameter 

 and the appendages five or six feet long, but 

 such are extremely rare. 



3. Cyanea capillata (Linn.). 



This species occurs in nearly all localities, 

 but is seldom or never very abundant. It 

 grows to be more than a foot in diameter, 

 and the tentacles are some few yards in 

 length when fully extended. The usual 

 colour is a creamy white, varying to a sort of 

 orange colour. In 1901 I caught a specimen 

 which seemed to differ from the above in 

 having much shorter tentacles, but it was 

 accidently destroyed before having been 



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