INSECTS 



APID/E (continued} APID.AE (continued] 



Megachile argentata, Fabr. St. Osyth, Psithyrus, Lep. 



Southcnd rupestris, Fabr. 



Osmia, Pz. vestalis, Fourc. 



rufa, L. barbutellus, Kirb. 



pilicornis, Smith campestris, Pz. 



cacrulcscens, L. quadricolor, Lcp. 



fulvivcntris, Pz. Bombus, Latr. 



bicolor, Schr. venustus, Smith 



spinulosa, Kirb. agrorum, Fabr. 

 Stelis, Pz. hortorum, L. 



aterrima, Pz. v. harrisellus, Kirb. 



phoeoptera, Kirb. latreillellus, Kirb. 

 Anthidium, Fabr. sylvarum, L. 



manicatum, L. derhamellus, Kirb. 

 Eucera, Scop. lapidarius, L. 



longicornis, L. lapponicus, Fabr. 

 Mclecta, Latr. pratorum, L. 



luctuosa, Scop. cullumanus, Kirb. Seuthend (F. Smith) 



armata, Pz. tcrrestris, L. 

 Anthophora, Latr. v. lucorum, Smith 



retusa, L. Apis, L. 



pilipes, Fabr. mellifica, L. 



furcata, Pz. 



PHYTOPHAGA 



The Phytophagous Hymenoptera comprise the Sawflies (Tenthre- 

 dinida] and their allies, and the great majority of the Gallflies (Cynipidce). 



The females of these insects have the ovipositor modified into a saw 

 or borer, and in some cases into an instrument which combines the 

 properties of saw, lance and file all in one ; for they vary considerably in 

 their structure according to the work which they have to do, such 

 species as deposit their ova in hard woody substances requiring stronger 

 implements than those which simply make incisions between upper and 

 lower leaf surfaces. As the name implies they are as a rule plant feeders 

 in the larval state, and the majority feed up during the summer and 

 autumn and appear in the perfect state during the following spring, but 

 some are to be met with much later in the season, and Emphytus serotinus 

 is often abundant on herbage under oak trees during fine weather in 

 October. The early species may be found on leaves and at the flowers 

 of various plants, the Umbelliferce being especially attractive to them. 

 Angelica sy/vestris is also a great favourite with those which appear in the 

 late summer and autumn. So far as our present knowledge goes, we 

 have about 400 Sawflies in Britain, but many of them are extremely local 

 or excessively rare, and as the great majority of the individuals are 

 females they are not nearly so much in evidence as many other insects, 

 and consequently they rarely do much damage to vegetation in ordinary 

 seasons. Occasionally however certain among them appear in immense 

 numbers and prove harmful to particular crops. Prominent among these 

 is the Turnip Sawfly, Athalia spinarum, of which vast migratory swarms 

 sometimes invade our shores, and dispersing themselves over considerable 

 tracts of country proceed to lay their eggs on the turnip leaves, and the 

 i 105 14 



