A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



at Epping and Hainault, and Mr. Mathew reports it for the Harwich 

 district, but it does not seem to have occurred elsewhere in north Essex. 

 Odontopera bidentata and Crocallis elinguaria occur in all parts of the county, 

 the latter being much the commoner. Eugonia autumnaria has once been 

 taken at Shoeburyness by Mr. Whittle. Another example was captured 

 by Mr. Mathew at Dovercourt on Oct. 4, 1901. E.alniaria (fi/iariayEork.) 

 comes freely to 'light.' E. fuscantaria is scarce, but is found at Colchester, 

 Harwich, and probably generally in the ash districts. E. erosaria and E. 

 quercinaria (angu/aria, Bork.) are found in many oak woods, the former 

 being much the scarcer. Himera pennaria may be found everywhere, and 

 comes freely to suburban gas lamps in the late autumn. 



AMPHIDASYD^: 



Phigalia pedaria (pi/osaria, Hb.) is frequently found on the trunks of 

 trees in January if the weather be mild, and is of general occurrence. 

 Nyssia hispidaria occurs similarly in February and March, but is much 

 scarcer and more local. Biston birtaria is generally common, especially 

 about elms and at gas lamps. Amphidasys strataria (prodromaria, Schiff.) 

 is frequently found on the boles of oak during mild weather in the spring. 

 A. betularia is generally distributed and common ; the black variety 

 doubledayaria and intermediate forms are occasionally captured or bred. 



BOARMIIDjE 



Hemeropbila abruptaria is of frequent occurrence at rest on walls and 

 palings. Cleora lichenaria was formerly common in the Colchester dis- 

 trict especially at Birch and Layer-de-la-Haye but has disappeared in 

 recent years. Boarmia repandata and B. gemmaria (rhomboidaria, Hb.) are 

 found everywhere. B. abietaria and B. cinctaria occur about Epping and 

 Ongar. B. roboraria was formerly frequently obtained on the oak trees 

 at Langham Lodge Wood, but has since been vainly sought for in the 

 few acres that remain of that once grand hunting ground. A single 

 specimen was obtained at Colchester in 1897, and it also occurs at 

 Hainault, St. Osyth and Warley. B. comortaria is also recorded from 

 Hainault by Mr. Machin, and was at one time common at St. Osyth. 

 Tepbrosia consonaria, T. crepuscularia and T. biundularia are Epping insects 

 crepuscularia being also recorded from the Harwich district by Mr. 

 Mathew, and a single specimen of T. biundularia was found at Colchester 

 in May, 1901. T. luridata (extersaria, Hb.) though very far from com- 

 mon has an extensive range, and probably occurs in all large woods. 

 T. punctulata is moderately common among alder and birch at Colchester 

 and doubtless elsewhere. 



GEOMETRID^E 



Pseudoterpna pruinata (cytisaria, Schiff.) is of general occurrence 

 among broom and furze. Geometra papilionaria is scarce, but is found in 

 many places among alder, birch and hazel. G. vernaria is somewhat 

 local but not uncommon among Clematis vitalba. Pborodesma pustulata 

 (bajularia, Schiff.) is to be found in nearly all oak woods, and in recent 



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