A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



PYRALWES 

 PYRALIDID^E 



Cledeobia angustalis is found in many coast localities. Aglossa pin- 

 guinalis occurs in houses, and though reputed generally common seems 

 to be scarce in many places. A. cuprealis occurs sparingly at Colchester, 

 Harwich, Hazeleigh and Southend. Pyralis costalis and P. glaucinalis are 

 somewhat plentiful at Colchester, and the former is common in the Mai- 

 don district. P.farinalis is generally common. Scoparia ambigualis abounds 

 on tree trunks in woods. S. basistrigalis occurs at Dovercourt and Haze- 

 leigh. S. cembrce is scarce, but has a wide range. S. dubitalis is common 

 everywhere. S. conspicualis is reported for the Harwich district by Mr. 

 Mathew. S. mercurella is generally abundant. S. ulmella has been found 

 at Woodham Ferris by Mr. Raynor. S. cratcegella has been captured at 

 Colchester and Epping. S. truncicolella occurs at Epping and Hazeleigh. 

 S. angustea is found on several old walls at Colchester. S. pallida is a marsh 

 insect that has been occasionally taken at Leigh and St. Osyth. Nomo- 

 phila noctuella (hybridalis, Schiff.) is a frequent migrant ; it is generally 

 distributed, and is sometimes very abundant, especially on the coast. 

 Pyrausta aurata (punicea/is, Schiff.) was very common in the Colchester 

 district a few years ago, but has quite disappeared. P. purpuralis, which 

 was formerly scarce there, has become very common. P. ostrinalis has 

 been found at Brentwood by Mr. Raynor. Herbula cespitalis is generally 

 distributed, and is occasionally very common at Donyland and St. Osyth. 

 Ennychia nlgrata (anguinalis, Hb.) was taken at Epping by Mr. Double- 

 day. E. octomaculata is reported by Mr. Whittle to be rare near South- 

 end. Endotricba jlammealis is common at Colchester, and probably far 

 from rare generally. 



BOTYD^E 



Eurrbypara urticata abounds among nettle. Scapula lutealis is rare, 

 but has been found at Epping by Mr. Doubleday and at Pitsea by Mr. 

 Whittle. S. olivalis and S. prunalis are common. S.ferrugalis has a wide 

 distribution, but is far from common ; it has been found at Colchester, 

 Maldon, and in the Southend and St. Osyth districts. Botys pandalis has 

 also been taken at Southend. B. ruralis (verticalis, Schiff.) abounds among 

 nettles. B.fuscalis is common among Melampyrum. Ebulea crocealis occurs 

 freely among Inula. E. verbascalis is sometimes common among Teucrium. 

 S. sambucalis abounds among elder. E. stachydalis is not rare on the boulder 

 clay near Colchester. Spilodes sticticalis can scarcely be considered a native, 

 and only two specimens are recorded : one at Colchester in 1868 and one 

 at Hazeleigh in 1 900. S. palealis became generally common in north 

 Essex where it had not previously been seen about 18756, but totally 

 disappeared after a brief period. In 1898 Mr. Laver noticed some larva? 

 on the southern coast of the county, and the following year Mr. Whittle 

 obtained some near Southend. In 1900 the species again made its 

 appearance in the north, a single moth and a number of larvas being 

 found near Clacton-on-Sea, and in 1901 Mr. Fitch took it at Burn- 

 ham. S. verticalis (cinctalis, Tr.), though not very common, is widely 



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