

BIRDS 



a return of certain species which have ceased to breed with us, as the 

 common and Sandwich terns. These provisions, though somewhat com- 

 plicated, are judicious and are working satisfactorily. 



The present writer's work, the Birds of Essex (1890), may be 

 consulted with advantage for fuller information as to occurrences, 

 etc., of earlier date than the year of its publication. A supplement 

 to this work is now in preparation, and will appear hereafter in the 

 Essex Naturalist. 



NOTE. I have used, throughout the following list, the nomenclature employed in Mr. Howard 

 Saunders' admirable List of British Birdi (1899). This I have done, by the Editor's wish, in order to 

 secure uniformity with other lists in this series ; but I am permitted to state that I am unable to approve 

 the treatment, in that list, of certain forms which show regional divergence from recognized type*. 

 M.C. 



1. Missel-Thrush. Turdus viscivorus, Linn. 

 A fairly common resident in all districts. 



2. Song-Thrush. Turdus musicus, Linn. 

 A very abundant resident. 



3. Redwing. Turdus iliacus, Linn. 



A common winter visitor, especially abun- 

 dant during severe weather. 



4. Fieldfare. Turdus pliant, Linn. 



As the last species. It usually arrives late in 

 September, and remains till the beginning or 

 middle of May, but has been recorded as early 

 as September 6 and as late as the end of May 

 (Birds of Essex, p. 73). 



5. White's Thrush. Turdus varius, Pallas. 

 A rare and occasional straggler. The only 



example known to have been obtained in the 

 county was shot, in January 1894, in Lang- 

 ley High Wood. It now belongs to Mr. 

 W. H. Rolfe of Clavering, who has been 

 good enough to submit it to me for identifi- 

 cation. 



6. Blackbird. Turdus merula, Linn. 



A very abundant resident, but varies greatly 

 in numbers from time to time. 



7. Ring-Ouzel. Turdus torquatus, Linn. 

 An uncommon spring and autumn migrant, 



seen usually in April and October. A pair 

 bred at Wickham Bishops in 1879 (Zoologist, 

 1879, p. 267). 



8. Wheatear. Saxicola cenanthe (Linn.). 



A summer visitor, though local, breeding 

 only round the coast and among the chalky 

 uplands in the north-western corner of the 

 county. Known elsewhere as a fairly com- 

 mon passing migrant in spring and autumn. 



9. Whinchat. Pratincola rubetra (Linn.). 



A regular summer visitor, fairly common 

 on furze-covered commons and similar open 

 spaces. 



10. Stonechat. Pratincola rubicola (Linn.). 

 An uncommon resident, though partially 



migratory. It breeds on open commons 

 where furze abounds, but varies unaccount- 

 ably in number from time to time. 



1 1 . Redstart. Ruticilla phcenicurus (Linn.). 

 A . regular summer visitor, rather un- 

 common, though locally abundant. 



12. Black Redstart. Ruticilla titys (Scopoli). 

 A rare autumn and winter visitor, chiefly 



to the coast. 



13. Red-spotted Bluethroat. Cyanecula sue- 



cica (Linn.). 



A rare straggler. Reported to have occurred 

 once near Harwich (Birds of Essex, p. 80). 



14. Robin or Redbreast. Erithacus rubecula 



(Linn.). 

 A very abundant and familiar resident. 



15. Nightingale. Daulias luscinia (Linn.). 

 A common summer visitor. 



1 6. Whitethroat. Sylvia cinerea (Bechstein). 

 An abundant summer visitor. It has 



occurred once in winter. 



Sy/vi 



ta curruca 



17. Lesser Whitethroat. 



(Linn.). 



A fairly common summer visitor. One 

 was shot near Colchester on December 6, 

 1892. 



1 8. Blackcap. Sylvia atricapilla (Linn.). 



As the last-named. A few occasionally 

 winter with us. 



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