ANCIENT EARTHWORKS 



of Stane Street. Cottages occupy part of the fosse, the rampart is in the 

 grounds of Mount House, and there is no doubt that we have here part 

 of one side of a large, otherwise destroyed camp. 



CANEWDON. There is said to have been a camp here of oblong 

 form, which enclosed about 6 acres. At the beginning of last century 

 the vallum had been levelled, but the fosse was still visible. Mr. Benton 

 considered that ' Duckett's Mead,' which adjoins the fosse before men- 

 tioned, and had a ditch a rod wide on its northern side, probably occu- 

 pied the site of the camp. 



HARWICH. No remains of a camp are now to be seen, but from 

 Morant we learn that in his day traces existed at least half a mile long, 

 one side of the work running southerly from without the Town-gate 

 to the Beacon Hill field, in the midst of which was a tumulus. The 

 rampart was in many places 12 feet high, and the ditch, though chiefly 

 filled up, at least 6 feet deep and 40 feet wide. The sea had devoured 

 the rest. On the top of the hill another work ran across from the 

 former in an easterly direction. The Essex historian considered the 

 camp a work of the Romans. 



HORKESLEY (GREAT). Here are some remains of an earthwork 

 known as ' Pitchbury ' or ' Pitsbury Ramparts.' When the late Rev. 

 Henry Jenkins described the camp in 



1841, he stated that it was of oval shape, X!^'3SS^* t 



and contained about 6 acres. Most of ^^^^("\'''w'\\yl!^ 



*"V<^ (|i"'\^ n '" 



it was levelled for agricultural operations /!^>*'X* 



ffffjr 

 ^^JUfXf Pirch 



about fifty years ago, but there are still A fafjjr 



J . J . c *~^/f* Pihchbury 



some remains, consisting or two banks 



with their accompanying ditches. The 

 lines moreover of that part which was 

 destroyed can be partially traced in the 

 adjoining fields. Gretrf Horkesley 



LAYER MARNEY. The Rev. H. 



Jenkins writing in 1863 said that until /\--B 



lately there were at Haynes Green, ~^* / * t r^" J - , 2?t . s , t; 

 between Layer Marney Wood and Pods- From measurement, kindly .u PP ucd \> Y 

 wood, the remains of a double-trenched 



Roman camp, which was then gradually disappearing beneath the 

 encroachments of the plough. 1 Its condition is now so fragmentary 

 that it is impossible to guess its purpose. It has not the slightest 

 appearance of ever having formed part of the entrenchments of a 

 Roman camp. 



LEYTON. In the grounds of Rukholt Manor there were, in the 

 early part of last century, the remains of an ancient entrenchment on a 

 small eminence rising from the river Lea, which appeared to consist of 

 a square embankment enclosing a circular one. The latter was about 

 33 feet in diameter, surrounded by a moat about 6 yards in width ; the 



1 The remains are doubtless the same as those a plan of which was published in the Traniaetiotii 

 a/ the Essex Arc hfo logical Society in 1895. 



285 



