NOTES TO DOMESDAY MAP 



[Compiled by J. HoiAcr ROUND, M.A.] 



In this map those manors in which the king had an interest 

 have a scarlet line under them ; a blue line (broken) is under 

 the names of those in which the principal ecclesiastical tenants, 

 namely the Bishop of London and the canons of St. Paul's, held 

 land ; a green line denotes those of which part or all was held 

 by Count Eustace of Boulogne, the greatest lay tenant in this 

 county as in Herts. The name of a manor or of a Hundred 

 is often given in more than one form by Domesday, but only 

 one of these forms can be shown on the map. As the boun- 

 daries of the Hundreds have virtually remained unchanged since 

 Domesday, the modern ones are given on the map, except that 

 the Liberty of Havering is there included in Becontree. In 

 fixing the position of manors the site of the church has been 

 the guide ; for in Essex church and hall usually stood together, 

 occasionally at some distance from the village of to-day. The 

 modern river names have been added for the convenience of 

 the reader. 



The entries of meadow in Domesday serve to illustrate the 

 course and extent of the streams, which were also responsible 

 for the water-mills of the text. On the south-east coast ot 

 the county blank spaces (shown as ' recent alluvium ' on the 

 geological map) represent the marshland, which is specially 

 discussed in the Introduction, and the extent of which is well 

 seen on Chapman and Andre's maps (1772-4). Blank spaces in 

 the neighbourhood of Colchester represent a belt of heath- 

 lands, such as those of West Bergholt, Horkesley, Boxted, 

 Dedham, Ardleigh, and Crockleford to the north, with Stan- 

 way, Lexden, Layer and Black Heath to the west and south, 

 which remained such till modern times, the soil of this district 

 being largely glacial loam, with glacial sand and gravel, the 

 ' turnip land ' of agricultural writers. Another blank indicates 

 the position of Tiptree Heath, while that between the Colne 

 and the Pant remained sparsely inhabited. The blanks in the 

 south-west of the county are partly due to forest and partly 

 to the great size of some of the manors. 



