A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



Then I plough on the demesne ; now none. 

 Then as now (semper) I villein and I bordar. 

 And (there is) I acre of meadow. Then and 

 afterwards it was worth 30 shillings; now 33. 



CLARE [Claret *] was held, in King Ed- 

 ward's time, by Ledmar, a free man, as i 

 hides and 35 acres. Then 5 ploughs on the 

 demesne ; afterwards and now 3. Then as 

 now (semper] 2 ploughs belonging to the men. 

 Then 7 villeins ; afterwards and now 4. 

 Afterwards and now 12 bordars. Then 10 

 serfs ; afterwards and now 4. (There are) 27 

 acres of meadow, (and) I mill. (There are) 3 

 rounceys (runcini), 8 beasts (animalia), 40 

 swine, (and) 239 sheep. To this manor be- 

 longs now as then (semper) a detached estate 

 (berewita), called GELDEHAM [(Little) Yeld- 

 ham], of 2 hides and 1 8 acres ; then 3 ploughs 

 on the demesne, (and) afterwards and now 2 ; 

 then as now (semper) 2 ploughs belonging to 

 the men ; then 8 villeins, (and) afterwards and 

 now 6 ; afterwards and now 8 bordars ; then 

 8 serfs, and afterwards and now 6 ; (there 

 are) 1 8 acres of meadow. Further (there) 

 belong (adjacent} to this manor 7 sokemen with 

 35 acres of land, who have i plough. This 

 manor was then worth 1 8 pounds ; afterwards 

 and now 22. To this manor also Ingelric 

 added, in King William's time, i free man, 

 who used to have 1 5 acres and i plough ; and 

 it is worth 10 shillings. The count holds 

 this manor in demesne.* 



BELCHAM [Belchamp (Otton)] was held, in 

 King Edward's time, by Ledmar, a free man, 

 as i hide and 45 acres. It is now held of the 

 count by Ulmar. 3 Then as now (semper) 1 

 ploughs on the demesne, and 2 ploughs be- 

 longing to the men, and 4 villeins. Then 

 and afterwards 4 bordars ; now 5 . Then and 

 afterwards 4 serfs ; now 2. Wood(land) for 

 20 swine, (and) 8 acres of meadow. To this 

 manor 4 belong (Jacent) 5 sokemen, 2 of 



1 Claret Hall manor in Ashen. 



2 It should be observed that, although the 

 holder in King Edward's time is not said to have 

 held this estate ' as a manor ' (fro matterio), it is 

 styled a ' manor ' five times in the course of the 

 entry. This may serve to illustrate further the 

 absence of importance to be attached to the words 

 ' pro manerio ' (see my paper on ' The Domesday 

 Manor ' in English Hist. Rev. xv. 293-302). 



s In the 1 2 1 2 Survey of the Honour of Bou- 

 logne it is entered as held by William 'films 

 Otonis,' from whose family (on whom see p. 351 

 above) it derives its name. 



4 Here again the omission of the words ' pro 

 manerio' is shown to be of no consequence by 

 this incidental mention of the estate as a manor. 



whom were seized (occupavit) by Ingelric in 

 King William's time and were previously 

 (qui tune erant) free men ; 6 and they have 35 

 acres of land. On the demesne (are) 9 beasts 

 (animalia), 2 rounceys (runcini), 20 swine, 

 (and) 100 sheep. It was then worth 40 

 shillings ; afterwards and now 4 pounds. 



BUMMESTEDA [(Steeple) Bumpstead 6 ], which 

 was held, in King Edward's time, by i free 

 man, as a manor and as half a hide, is held of 

 the count by Adelolf de Merc. 7 Then 3 

 ploughs on the demesne ; afterwards and now 

 2. Then as now (semper) 2 ploughs belonging 

 to the men, 7 villeins, 1 1 bordars, (and) 4 

 serfs. (There are) 15 acres of meadow. 

 (There are) i rouncey (runcinus), and 3 beasts 

 (ammalia). And to this manor Engelric 

 added i free man (with) 3^ acres. 8 It was 

 then worth 4 pounds ; afterwards and now 

 IOO shillings. 



fo. 39 



BELCHAM [Belchamp (St. Ethelbert) ], 9 

 which was held, in King Edward's time, 

 by Etnod, a free man, as half a hide and 10 

 acres, is held of the count by Bernard. 

 Then as now (semper) I plough on the 

 demesne. (There are) now 2 bordars, 2 

 serfs, 4 acres of meadow, i sokeman, with 

 20 acres, i rouncey (runcinus), (and) 4 cows. 10 

 Then 14 swine ; now none. Then as 

 now (semper) 50 sheep. It is worth 30 

 shillings. 



WESTUNA [Weston n ], which was held, 

 in King Edward's time, by i free man, as 

 30 acres, is held of the count by Adelolf. 12 

 Then as now (semper) i plough and 4 acres 

 of meadow. It was then worth 20 shillings ; 

 now 25. 



PHINCINGEFELDA [Finchingfield], which 

 was held, in King Edward's time, by 

 Norman as a manor and as half a hide and 

 10 acres, is held of the count by Guy. 



6 This is a passage to be observed for its bearing 

 on the terms ' sokemen ' and ' free men.' 



6 The manor of ' Gernons ' there. 



7 See p. 344 above. 



8 This clause is interlined. 



9 In Ovington (Morant). 



10 The separate mention of cows is exceptional. 



11 Entered in the 1212 survey as ' Weston 

 juxta Clare,' probably to distinguish it from 

 ' Weston near Beauchamp,' a Bigot manor in 

 Foxearth. The name of the count's Weston 

 has now disappeared from the map. 



13 Adelolf de Merc (see p. 344 above). 



464 





