A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



on the demesne. Then 4 ploughs belonging 

 to the men ; afterwards and now 3. There 

 is wood(land) for 20 swine and 5 acres of 

 meadow. There are 14 swine, 56 sheep, 

 (and) i rouncey (rundnus). To this manor 

 belonged (fuerunt) 5 sokemen holding half a 

 hide and 35 acres, who could not leave their 

 soke (remanentes cum soca l ) ; 3 ploughs (were 

 there) then ; afterwards and now 2 ; (there 

 are) 5 acres of meadow. (The whole) was 

 then worth n pounds ; now 12. 



BIRDEFELDA [(Little) Bardfield], which was 

 held, in King Edward's time, by Norman as 

 2 hides and I virgate, and afterwards by 

 Ingelric, who annexed him (et invasit eum\ is 

 held of the count by Adolof (de Merc). 

 Then as now (semper) 6 villeins. Then and 

 afterwards I bordar ; now 12. Then as now 

 (semper) 4 serfs and 3 ploughs on the demesne, 

 and 2 ploughs belonging to the men. (There 

 is) wood(land) for 200 swine and 49 acres of 

 meadow. (There are) 5 beasts (animalia), 25 

 swine, 2 hives of bees, 30 goats, (and) I 



fo. 



rouncey (rundnus). Then as now (semper) I 

 mill. Now i fishery. It was then worth 8 

 pounds ; now I O pounds. 



HUNDRET OF ROCHEFORT [RoCHFORD] 



SCOPELANDA [Shopland] was held, in King 

 Edward's time, by i free man as 5 hides. 

 Ingelric held (it) afterwards. Now Count 

 Eustace (holds it) in demesne. Then as now 

 (semper) 5 villeins and 2 sokemen ; and their 

 lord used to have ' soc and sac ' (et dominus 

 forum habebat socam et sacam)? Then as now 

 (semper) 9 bordars, and 2 ploughs on the 

 demesne, and 5 ploughs belonging to the men. 

 (There is) wood(land) for 40 swine, (and) 

 pasture for 400 sheep. (There are) 2 beasts 

 (animalia), 54 sheep, 14 swine, 13 goats, (and) 

 3 rounceys (runcini). It was then worth 6 

 pounds ; now I O. There also I free man 

 held half a hide and 30 acres, which (quod] 

 Ingelric seized (occupavit) ; then as now 

 (semper) I plough (was there) and 3 bordars ; 

 and this is appraised as part of the (in) 10 

 pounds. 8 



1 The rendering of this difficult phrase can 

 only be conjectural. 



2 This is an important phrase, but its meaning 

 is somewhat uncertain. 



3 Here again is a manor which has nearly 

 doubled its value, though the plough-teams have 

 not increased. The addition to it of the rela- 

 tively small estate seized by Ingelric seems quite 

 insufficient to account for the rise. 



fo. 35 



XXI. THE LAND OF COUNT ALAN* 



HUNDRET OF HERLAUA [HARLOW] 



EPPINGA [Epping] was held, in King Ed- 

 ward's time, by Wisgar, a free man, as i 

 manor and as i^ hides and half a virgate. 

 Then as now (semper) I plough on the 

 demesne, and half a plough belonging to the 

 men, and 2 villeins and 2 bordars. There is 

 wood(land) for 100 swine (and) 8 acres of 

 meadow. It was then worth 20 shillings, 

 now 30. This manor is held of the count 

 by Osbern. 



HUNDRET OF DOMMAUA [DUNMOW] 



ULINGHEHALA [Willingale (Spain)], which 

 was held, in King Edward's time, by Edeva 5 

 as I manor and as i hide and i^ virgates, 

 is held of the count by Hervey (' de Ispania '). 

 Then as now (semper) 3 ploughs on the 

 demesne, and i^ ploughs belonging to the 

 men, and 4 villeins, and 8 bordars, and 4 

 serfs. (There is) wood(land) for 250 swine, 

 (and) 12 acres of meadow. It was then 

 worth 60 shillings ; now 100. 



CANEFELDA [(Great) Canfield], which was 

 held, in King Edward's time, by Edeva B as I 

 hide and 30 acres, is held of the count by 

 Aubrey (Albericus) de Ver. 6 Then as now 

 (semper) I plough on the demesne, and i 

 ploughs belonging to the men. Then 3 vil- 

 leins ; now I . Then 5 bordars ; now I O. 

 (There is) wood(land) for 100 swine, (and) 

 48 acres of meadow, counting meadow and 

 marsh (inter pratum et maresc^). Then as 

 now (semper) it was worth 60 shillings. 



HUNDRET OF HIDINGHAFORT [HINCKFORD] 



PHINCINGEFELDA [Finchingfield 8 ], which 

 was held, in King Edward's time, by 3 free 

 men, under Edeva, 5 as 2^ hides, is held of the 

 count by Hervey (' de Ispania '). Then as 

 now (semper) 5 ploughs on the demesne, and 

 7 ploughs belonging to the men, and 3 vil- 

 leins, and 50 (sic 9 ) bordars, (and) 5 serfs. 

 (There is) wood(land) for 160 swine, (and) 

 1 6 acres of meadow. It was then worth 100 

 shillings ; now 8 pounds. 



4 Of Brittany (see Introduction, p. 350). This 

 heading is in large lettering. 



5 Edith ' the fair ' (see Introduction). 



G Who also held Canfield as a tenant in chief 

 (see p. 532 below). 



7 This is an unusual phrase. 



8 i.e. the manor of Spain's Hall there. 



9 The number is suspiciously large. 



472 



