THE HOLDERS OF LANDS 



tscangio). Then as now (semper) half a 

 plough. (There are) i acres of meadow. 

 It was then worth 10 shillings ; now 6 

 shillings and 8 pence. This land is of the 

 king's soke (socna). 



to. 3 8b 



XXIII. THE LAND OF RICHARD 

 SON OF COUNT GILBERT 1 



HUNDRET OF HERLAUA [HARLOW] 



WALLA [Wallbury ? *], which was held, 

 in King Edward's time, by Toti, a free 

 man, as i manor and as i hide, is held 

 by Richard in demesne. Then 2 ploughs 

 on the demesne ; now i. Then as now 

 (semper) i plough belonging to the men. 

 Then 2 bordars ; now 6. Then 2 serfs ; 

 now none. (There is) wood(land) for 100 

 swine, (and) 24 acres of meadow. It was 

 then worth 30 shillings ; now 40. 



HUNDRET OF DOMMAWA [DUNMOW] 



TACHESTEDA [Thaxted] was held by 

 Wisgar 8 in King Edward's time. Now 

 R[ichard] (holds it) in demesne as I manor 

 and as 9^ hides. Then 8 ploughs on the 

 demesne ; now 7. Then 34 ploughs be- 

 longing to the men ; now 18. Then 55 

 villeins ; now 52. Then as now (semper) 

 24 bordars and 16 serfs. (There was) then 

 woodland for 1 ,000 swine ; now for 800. 

 There are 120 acres of meadow. Then i 

 mill ; now 2. The stock could be increased 

 by 1 6 ploughs. 4 Then as now (semper) 4 

 rounceys (runcini), and 36 beasts (anima/ia), 

 (and) 128 swine. Then 200 sheep ; now 320. 

 Then 10 hives of bees; now 16. It was 

 then worth 30 pounds ; and when (it was) 

 received, the same. It is now worth 50 

 pounds, say the French and the English, 6 

 but Richard has given it on lease (ad censum) 

 to a certain Englishman at 60 pounds ; but 



1 Alias Richard de Clare (from his Suffolk 

 lordship of Clare) and Richard de Tonbrige 

 (from his Kent lordship of Tunbridge). 



* A manor in Great Hallingbury (compare In- 

 troduction, p. 397). 



* This was the English lord of Clare, whose 

 wide possessions Richard had obtained. 



4 ' Adhuc possunt restaurari xvi carucae.' 

 This information is very rare in the survey of 

 Essex. 



6 The men of the Hundred were represented 

 before the Domesday Commissioners by foreigners 

 and natives in equal proportion. It should be 

 observed that, here again, a great decrease in the 

 plough-teams and a diminution of the woodland 

 are accompanied by a marked increase of value. 



he looses (deficiunt ;'///') at least 10 pounds 

 every year. 6 To this manor belong now as 

 then (adjacent semper) 3 sokemcn with (de) 2 

 hides and 15 acres, whom Garner holds of 

 R[ichard] ; then 4 ploughs (were there), 

 now 3^ ; then 10 villeins, now 2 ; then 2 

 bordars, now i o ; then 4 serfs, now none ; 

 (there is) wood(land) for 50 swine, (and) 34 

 acres of meadow ; it is worth 6 pounds. 

 And of this estate (terra) i sokcman of the 

 king held, in King Edward's time 7^ acres, 

 which have been added to this manor in 

 King William's time, and have not paid the 

 king's due (consuetudinem). 



DOMMAWA [(Great) Dunmow] was held 

 by Wisgar, 8 in King Edward's time, as I 

 manor and as 2 hides and 30 acres. Then 

 as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne, 

 and 2 ploughs belonging to the men, and 5 

 villeins. Then 4 bordars ; now 7. Then 

 as now (semper) 4 serfs. (There was) then 

 wood(land) for 500 swine j now for 300. 

 There are 15 acres of meadow. Then as 

 now (semper) i mill. Then and afterwards 

 it was worth 60 shillings ; now 100. And 

 this land is claimed by Vital, I knight (i 

 mi/es), as having been held, he asserts, 



fo. 39 



by i free man in King Edward's time. In 

 this manor i priest holds, as he held (tenet 

 semper), half a hide in almoin ; and half a 

 plough (was there) then as now (semper), 

 and 2 bordars. This manor is held by 

 Ernald (of William). 



HUNDRET OF HIDINCFORDA [HINCKFORD] 



GHESTINGETORP [Gestingthorpe], which 

 was held, in King Edward's time, by Ledmar 

 the priest 7 as half a hide, is held of R[ichard] 

 by W. Peche 8 (peccatum). Then as now 

 (semper) 3 ploughs on the demesne, and 3 

 ploughs belonging to the men, and 8 villeins. 

 Now 9 bordars. Then as now (semper) 6 

 serfs. (There is) wood(land) for 20 swine, 

 (and) 20 acres of meadow. Then i mill ; 

 now none. To this estate (terra) there 

 belongs then as now (semper jacet) i sokcman 



6 See Introduction, p. 363. 



7 He was set over the collegiate church founded 

 at Clare by jElfric father of Wisgar, Richard's 

 predecessor. His manor here was one of the two 

 into which Gestingthorpe was divided, the other 

 being held in cafite by Otto the Goldsmith at the 

 time of Domesday. 



8 He also held of Richard at Clopton and 

 Dalham in Suffolk, and he had a house at Col- 

 chester. 



477 



