A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



HUNDRET OF Cl-AVELINGA [CLAVERING] 



In PHERNEHAM [Farnham *] Serlo holds of 

 Hamo half a hide which was held by a free 

 man in King Edward's time. It is worth 10 

 shillings. 



HUNDRET OF HIDINGFORT [HINCKFORD] 



In STANBURNE 8 [Stambourne] and in TOPES- 

 FELDE [Toppesfield] Hamo holds in demesne, 

 as a manor, i hide which was held by Goti[ld] 

 in King Edward's time. Then and after- 

 wards 4 ploughs on the demesne ; now 3. 

 Then as now (semper) 3 ploughs belonging to 

 the men. (There are) 14 villeins, and 10 

 bordars, and 6 serfs. (There is) wood(land) 

 for 40 swine, (and) 15 acres of meadow. 

 Then as now (semper) 3 rounceys (runcini). 

 Then 24 beasts (animalia) ; now 13. Then 

 40 swine ; now 2O. Then I2C sheep ; now 

 i oo. (There are) 4 hives of bees. And 1 5 

 sokemen belong (adjacent) to this manor, and 

 hold half a hide less 10 acres, and have 3 

 ploughs ; and 12 acres of meadow (are there), 

 and 5 bordars. There is i ' arpent ' of 

 vineyard. 3 This estate lay (terra fuit) in 2 

 manors in King Edward's time. Stanburna 

 [Stambourne] was then worth I OO shillings ; 

 afterwards and now 6 pounds. And Topes- 

 felda [Toppesfield] was then worth 7 pounds ; 

 afterwards and now 8 pounds. Of this manor 

 5 knights (milites) hold 58 acres, and (this) is 

 worth 2O shillings of the above amount (in 

 eodem pretio).* 



1 This small estate has not been identified. 

 8 The Record Commission's edition reads 

 ' Scanburne.' 



3 The text does not determine to which of 

 these places this vineyard belonged, but a vine- 

 yard in Domesday usually implies the residence 

 of a baron and belonged to it. The mention 

 of the 5 knights suggests similarly that this was 

 the head of Hamo's fief. 



4 This is in several ways a curious and important 

 entry. Stambourne and Toppesfield contain be- 

 tween them over 5,000 acres, and Hamo's holding 

 comprised a valuable manor in each. Yet the 

 whole is assessed only at I hide, an almost nomi- 

 nal amount. In Stambourne there were only two 

 other holdings, making five-sixths of a hide, of 

 Geoffrey de Mandeville's, valued at 80 or 90 

 shillings, while in Toppesfield there were three 

 other holdings of 1 5 (geld) acres each, worth in 

 all from 4 lot. od. to 5 los. oj. Thus the 

 whole assessment of the two parishes was only 2 

 hides 25 acres, though they were valued at the 

 time of the Survey as worth 24 a year. This is 

 altogether abnormal. 



It should be observed that Hamo's holding is 

 spoken of both as ' terra ' and ' manerium,' and 

 that although it had but one holder under the 

 Confessor it was then reckoned as two manors. 



HUNDRET OF WITBRICTESHERNA [DENGIE] 



CARSEIA [Northey (isle) ? 5 ], which was 

 held, in King Edward's time, by Turbern, 

 a free man, as a manor and as 4 hides and 

 40 acres, is held of Hamo by Richard. 

 Then 2 villeins ; now 3. Then as now 

 (semper) 4 serfs and 2 ploughs on the demesne, 

 and i plough belonging to the men. (There 

 is) pasture for 60 sheep. It was then worth 

 60 shillings ; now 4 pounds. 



fo. 56 



HUNDRET OF ANGRA [ONGAR] 



GERNESTEDA [Greensted], which was held, 

 in King Edward's time, by Gotild as a 

 manor and as 2 hides, is held by Hamo in 

 demesne. Then as now (semper) 10 villeins. 

 Then 4 bordars ; now 9. Then 6 serfs ; 

 now 4. Then 3 ploughs on the demesne ; 

 and when he received (it), 2 ; now I. Then 

 and afterwards 5-^ ploughs belonging to the 

 men ; now 3^. (There is) wood(land) for 

 400 swine, 1 6 acres of meadow, (and) now 

 I mill. Then 2 rounceys (runcini) ; now I. 

 Then 4 beasts (animalia} ; now 3. Then 30 

 swine ; new 14. (There are) now 40 goats 

 and 20 sheep. It was then worth 4 pounds ; 

 and when he received (it), 40 shillings ; it is 

 now worth 100 shillings. Of this manor 

 Serlo holds 40 acres, and (this) is worth 10 

 shillings of the above amount (in eodem pretio). 

 There also (in eadem) 3 free men held half a 

 hide and 45 acres ; under them were then 10 

 bordars, (and) now 1 6 ; (and) then 3 serfs, 

 and now 2 ; then as now (semper) 3^ ploughs 

 (were there); wood(land) for 120 swine (is 

 there, and) 1 9 acres of meadow ; it was then 

 worth 35 shillings ; now 60. Of this land 

 Ralf holds half a hide and 5 acres, and it is 

 worth 40 shillings of the above sum. 6 



ASTOCA [Navestock 7 ], which was held by 



5 This is nothing but a guess based on the fact 

 that the adjacent island of ' Uveseia,' which had 

 been similarly held by Turbern, was also held by 

 ' Richard ' of Hamo, was assessed at 4 hides and 

 had pasture for 60 sheep. The two islands were 

 in different parishes and Hundreds. 



6 This is a somewhat confused passage, for it is 

 not clear whether the holding of the 3 free men 

 was valued as part of the main manor or not ; nor, 

 if it were not, is it clear of which of the two por- 

 tions Ralf's holding formed part. 



7 Morant suggested that ' Astoca ' might be 

 North Weald, which he could not identify in 

 Domesday. But I make it to be part of Navestock, 

 because Ralf de Marci is known to have held lands 

 at Navestock which were claimed by the canons of 

 St. Paul's (see my paper in Domesday Studies, pp. 



502 



