A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



150 swine, (and) 9 acres of meadow. When 

 he received (it) there was a moiety of a mill ; 

 now none. Now as then (semper) I priest is 

 there. Then 7 beasts (animaiia), and 40 

 sheep, and 60 swine, and i rouncey (runcinus) ; 

 now 1 8 beasts, and 140 sheep, and 80 swine, 

 and i rouncey. It was then worth 10 

 pounds; now 12; and in King Edward's 

 time it was all the same (totum similiter) ; l 

 and it was worth as .much (tantum) when 

 received. 



HUNDRET OF WlTBRICTESHERNA [DENGIE] 



STEPLA [Steeple], which was held by 

 Bondi', 8 a free man, as a manor and as 3^ 

 hides in King Edward's time, is held by 

 H[enry] in demesne. Then as now (semper) 



2 bordars. Then 4 serfs ; now 3. Then as 

 now (semper) i plough on the demesne ; and 

 half a plough belonging to the men. Then 

 100 sheep; now 130. It is worth now as 

 then (semper] 60 shillings. 



HUNDRET OF CELMERESFORT [CHELMSFORD] 



UDEHAM [Woodham (Ferrers)], which was 

 held by Bundi' * as i manor and as 14 hides, 

 is held by H[enry] in demesne. Then as now 

 (semper) 24 villeins. Then 8 bordars ; now 3 1 . 

 Then 6 serfs ; now 4. Then as now (semper] 



3 ploughs on the demesne, and 16 ploughs 

 belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) 

 for 800 swine. Now (there is) i mill. Then 

 he received 3 2O beasts (animaiia), and 13 

 rounceys (runcinos), and 300 sheep, and 60 

 swine; now (there are) 28 beasts, 15 roun- 

 ceys, 300 sheep, and 100 swine, and 35 

 goats. It was then worth 20 pounds ; now 

 28. 



CINGA [Butsbury*], which was held by 

 Bondi' as a manor and as 5^ hides, is held of 

 Henry by his seneschal (dapifer). Then 6 

 villeins ; now 4. Then 8 bordars ; now 12. 

 Then 4 serfs ; now 3. Then as now (sem- 

 per) 2 ploughs on the demesne, and 4 ploughs 

 belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) 

 for 500 swine, (and) pasture for 100 sheep. 

 Then 2O beasts (anima/ia), and 50 swine, and 

 60 sheep ; now 7 beasts, and 100 sheep, and 

 40 swine. Then as now (semper) it was 

 worth 7 pounds. 



1 This clause is very obscure. 



8 This is the Bondig who occurs as his prede- 

 cessor also in Berks, Oxon and Northants (see In- 

 troduction, p. 35)- 



3 This is an abnormal formula. 



4 Formerly Ging-Joyberd-Laundry. 



fo. 



XXX. THE LAND OF GEOFFREY 

 DE MAGNA VILLA 5 



HUNDRET OF LAXENDENA [LEXDEN] 

 TEIA [(Marks) Tey 6 ], which was held by 

 Ulvric as a manor and as i^ hides and 20 

 acres in King Edward's time, is held by 

 G[eoffrey] in demesne. Then 1 1 bordars; 

 now 15. Then as now (semper) 4 serfs and 

 2 ploughs on the demesne. Then the men 

 had between them 3 ploughs ; now 2^. 

 (There is) wood(land) for 100 swine, (and) 20 

 acres of meadow. Then G[eoffrey] received 7 

 250 sheep, and 8 beasts (animalia), and 6 

 calves (uif)* and 2 rounceys (runcinos), 28 

 swine, (and) 2 hives of bees ; now (there are) 

 67 sheep, and 8 beasts, and 6 calves, and 2 

 rounceys, and 21 swine. There also (In 

 eadem) 2O sokemen held i hides and 31 

 acres ; now that land is held by 30 sokemen ; 

 and they could not withdraw themselves 

 (recedere) from that manor ; 9 now as then 

 (semper) they have 3 ploughs ; there are 6 

 acres of meadow. Then and when received 

 (the whole) was worth 7 pounds; now 10. 

 And there were there 3 free men holding 12 

 acres ; but they did not belong to (non fuerunt 

 de) that manor which G[eoffrey] has ; but he 

 himself vouches (to warranty) him who gave 

 him livery of seisin (ipse revocat liberatorem) ; 10 

 now as then (semper) i plough is there ; and 

 it is worth 40 shillings. 



HUNDRET OF HANGRA [ONGAR] 



SENLEIA [Shelley], which was held by 

 Levedai as a manor and as 80 acres, and was 

 not of Ansgar's fief 11 (feudo) for (Levedai) 

 was only (sed tantum fuit) his man 12 is held 

 of Geoffrey by Rainald. Then 4 villeins ; 

 now 5. (There are) now 5 bordars. Then 

 2 serfs ; now 3. Then and afterwards 2 

 ploughs on the demesne ; now i. Then the 



6 Better known as Geoffrey de Mandeville. 



6 Alias Teye Maundeville. 



7 This is an abnormal formula. 



8 The mention of calves, for which Essex has 

 been so famous since, is quite exceptional. 



9 This is a noteworthy phrase, which is intro- 

 duced to set on record their status before the 

 Conquest. Its actual meaning, probably, is that 

 they could not ' betake themselves elsewhere ' 

 without the lord's permission. 



10 On vouching to warranty see Introduction, 

 p. 412. 



11 Ansgar the staller was Geoffrey's recognized 

 predecessor. 



12 That is, he had only commended himself 

 personally to Ansgar (see Introduction, p. 358, 

 and compare p. 505, note 3, below). 



504 



