A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



In WALTHAM [(Great) Waltham] Ulwin' 

 held freely (llberce), with the soke (cum soca\ l 



1 hide and 50 acres. Roger holds (it) now of 

 G[eoffrey] as a manor and as i hide and 50 

 acres (pro tantundem). Then as now (semper) 

 3 villeins. Then 4 bordars ; now 6. Then 



2 ploughs on the demesne ; now i^. Then 

 as now (semper) I plough belonging to the 

 men and I serf. (There are) 7 acres of 

 meadow and i mill. It was then worth 40 

 shillings ; now 60. 



CETHAM [Chatham 2 ] was held by Edward 

 as a manor and as 2 hides and 30 acres. 

 Walter holds (it) now of Geoffrey for as much 

 (pro tantundem). Then as now (semper) 2 

 villeins. Then 2 bordars ; now 5. Then 

 as now 6 serfs and 2 ploughs on the demesne, 

 and I plough belonging to the men. (There 

 is) wood(land) for 100 swine, (and) 6 acres of 



fo. sSb 



meadow. Then and afterwards it was worth 

 40 shillings ; now 60. 



PACINGES [Patching 8 ] was held, in King 

 Edward's time, by the same Edward as a 

 manor and as 2 hides. Now the same 

 Walter holds (it) of G[eoffrey]. Then as 

 now (semper) i serf, and I plough. (There 

 is) wood(land) for 30 swine and 9 acres of 

 meadow. It is worth 20 shillings. 



BRUMFELDA [Broomfield] was held by 

 Saulf as a manor and as 4 hides. Now the 

 same Walter holds (it) of Geoffrey. Then as 

 now (semper) 9 villeins. Then 4 bordars. 4 

 Then 5 serfs ; now 4. Then as now (semper) 

 2 ploughs on the demesne, and 4 ploughs 

 belonging to the men. (There is) wood(land) 

 for 50 swine and 14 acres of meadow. Then 

 as now (semper) i mill (was there). Then 

 and afterwards it was worth 100 shillings ; 

 now 6 pounds. 



CINGEHALA [Chignal s ] was held, in King 

 Edward's time, by 3 free men as i hide and 

 1 5 acres. Now Richard holds (it) of G[eoffrey] 

 as the same amount (pro tant'). Then 2 

 bordars ; now i o. (There are) now 3 vil- 



1 i.e. with the (right to the profits of) jurisdic- 

 tion. The phrase should be observed. 

 8 A manor in Great Waltham. 



3 In Broomfield. This manor was probably 

 absorbed in that of Broomfield Hall, in conse- 

 quence of their being both held of Geoffrey by 

 the same under-tenant. 



4 Their number (if there were any) at the time 

 of the Survey is not stated. 



5 This entry, with those which follow, com- 

 prises both the Chignals. 



leins. 6 Then as now (semper) 3 serfs. Then 

 and afterwards 2 ploughs on the demesne ; 7 

 now i. Now the men have between them 

 I plough. 8 (There is) wood(land) for 10 

 swine, (and) 15 acres of meadow. It was 

 then worth 30 shillings ; now 45. 



CINGEHALA [Chignal] was held, in King 

 Edward's time, by Godwine the deacon as a 

 manor and as i^ hides less 5 acres. Now 

 Richard Gernet holds (it of Geoffrey) as a 

 manor and as the same amount (fro tan?). 

 Then as now (semper) i villein. Then I 

 bordar ; now 3. Then 3 serfs ; now 2. 

 Then as now (semper) I plough on the 

 demesne. Then the men had i plough 

 between them ; now a half. (There is) 

 wood(land) for 12 swine, (and) 1 6 acres of 

 meadow. It was then worth 30 shillings ; 

 now 40. 



There also (In eadem villa) Ulwin' held 45 

 acres in King Edward's time. Now Ralf 

 holds (them) of G[eoffrey] as a manor and as 

 the same amount (pro tant'). Then as now 

 (semper), 3 bordars and I plough. And (there 

 are) 3 acres of meadow. It is worth 10 

 shillings. 



There also Lefsun' holds of G[eoffrey] i 

 virgate, which was held by himself in King 

 Edward's time ; then as now (semper) i 

 plough ; and (there are) 5 acres of meadow ; 

 it is worth 5 shillings. And Leuric' held, 

 and holds under Geoffrey, 30 acres ; then 

 half a plough ; now none ; (there are) 7 

 acres of meadow ; it is worth 3 shillings. 

 And Lewin' held and holds 1 5 acres ; and 

 (there are) 2 acres of meadow ; it is worth 

 30 pence. And Alestan' holds now as then 

 (semper) 1 acres ; and (there are) 3 acres of 

 meadow ; it is worth 2 shillings. 9 



6 The appearance of villeins at the time of the 

 Survey where there had been none before is most 

 exceptional and very suggestive in view of the fact 

 that their number is the same as that of the ' free 

 men ' by whom the land had been held, for the 

 first entry in the Survey of Essex speaks of a free 

 man who had become one of the villeins on the 

 land he had held (p. 428 above). 



7 The scribe has written 'car' horn' d'nio" (or 

 ' car hoin d 'nio ') instead of the normal ' car' in 

 d'nio.' As his phrase cannot be construed, it is 

 probably only a slip arising from confusion with 

 the ' car' horn ' formula. 



8 The total number of ploughs remained the 

 same, but the land was now worked as a manor 

 and divided accordingly between the lord and his 

 ' men.' 



9 These are among the few cases of small English 

 holders being allowed to retain their lands as under- 

 tenants of the conquerors (see Introduction p. 355, 

 note 3). 



506 



