THE HOLDERS OF LANDS 



In MASSEBIRIG [Mashbury] Eduin' held, 

 and holds under G[eoffrey], 45 acres. Then 

 as now (semper) 3 bordars. Then half a 

 plough ; now none. It is worth 10 shillings. 1 



fo. 59 



DANENGEB[ER]IA [Danbury] was held by 

 Arling' as a manor and as 2$ hides. Now 

 William (holds it) of Geoffrey as the same 

 amount (pro tant'). Then as now (temper) I 

 villein. Then 3 bordars ; now 9. Then 4 

 serfs ; now I . Then as now (temper) I 

 plough on the demesne, and I plough belong- 

 ing to the men. (There is) wood(land) for 

 100 swine, (and) 16 acres of meadow. It 

 was then worth 30 shillings ; now 40. 



In CINGEHALA [Chignal *] Sauin' the priest 

 held 15 acres. Now Richard (holds them) 

 of G[eoffrey]. Then half a plough ; now 

 nothing.* It is worth 5 shillings. 



There also (In eadem villa) Erfin' held 1 5 

 acres. Now the same R(ichard holds them 

 of Geoffrey. There are) 2 acres of meadow ; 

 it is worth 3 shillings. The abovesaid (Sauin' 

 and Erfin') were free to that extent (liberi 

 ita) that they could sell the land with its sac 

 and soke to whom (quo) they would, as the 

 Hundret (court) bears witness. 



LEGRA [Lees*] was held by Ansgar as a 

 manor and as 2i hides and 15 acres. Now 

 W. (holds it) of G[eoffrey] as the same 

 amount (pro tan?). Then 4 villeins ; now 

 2. Then 8 bordars; now 12. Then 3 

 serfs ; now 4. Then 2 ploughs on the de- 

 mesne ; now 3. Then as now (semper) 2 

 ploughs belonging to the men. (There is) 

 wood(land) for 40 swine, (and) 6 acres of 

 meadow. Then as now (temper) i mill. 

 (There are) now 10 beasts, 10 swine, (and) 

 100 sheep. Then and afterwards it was 

 worth 4 pounds; now 4 pounds and 10 

 shillings. And this (Istud quoque) manor was 

 given by Esgar* to Harold in King Edward's 

 time, and Harold in turn (iterum) gave it to 

 a housecarl (huscarlo) of his, Scalpin by name, 8 



> See p. 506, note 9, above. 



* i.e. no oxen. 



* There seems to be no reason to doubt this 

 identification, for Great Lees, at any rate, was held 

 of Geoffrey's heirs. But, as a name, ' Legra ' was 

 the Domesday equivalent of Layer. It is, however, 

 also found in Domesday as representing Leigh on 

 the Thames (see p. 532). 



* This is the same name as 'Ansgar' just before, 

 which affords an excellent illustration of the loose- 

 ness of Domesday in the spelling of names. 



6 See Introduction, p. 352. 



and this Scalpin gave it in dower to his wife 

 in the sight of two men, namely Roger the 

 marshal e and a certain Englishman, and the 

 (men of the) Hundret testify that they heard 

 Seal pin's right acknowledged. 7 And after 

 the king came into this land Scalpin (ipte) 

 held (it) until he went where he died, 

 (namely), in Evreux (ehroica), in outlawry. 8 



KEUENTUNA [Kewton (Hall) ?*] was held 

 by Toli as a manor and as 2 hides and i 

 virgate. Now Osbert (holds it) of G[eoffrey] 

 as acquired by exchange (pro suo escangio), he 

 says. Then as now (semper) I villein. 

 Then 6 bordars ; now 4. Then as now 

 (semper) 3 serfs and 2 ploughs on the demesne. 

 Then the men had I plough between them ; 

 now a half. There are 18 acres of meadow. 

 Then as now (semper) i mill. Then 2 

 cows, 13 sheep, (and) 12 swine ; now 8 

 beasts (anima/ia), 32 sheep, 2O swine, 14 

 goats, 2 rounceys (runcini), (and) 5 hives of 

 bees. It was then worth 40 shillings ; now 

 60. 



HUNDRET OF TENDRINGA [TENDRING] 



MOSA [Moze 10 ] was held by Levesun' as a 

 manor and as 4 hides. Now Geoffrey (holds 

 it) in demesne. Then as now (semper) 14 

 villeins. (There are) now 13 bordars. 



fo. b 



Then 13 serfs ;" and when he received the 

 manor 1 1 ; now 3. Then and afterwards 

 4 ploughs on the demesne ; now 2. Then 

 and afterwards 6 ploughs belonging to the 

 men ; now 4. There is wood(land) for 1 50 

 swine, (and) 6 acres of meadow. Then i 

 mill ; now none. (There is) pasture for 1 50 

 sheep. (There are) 3 saltpans. And the 

 king gave this manor to G[eoffrey] during 



He had a few small holdings in the county as 

 tenant-in-chicf (p. 558 below). 



7 ' audicrunt recognoscere Scalpino.' The 

 phrase is a difficult one to translate. 



8 Mr. Freeman rendeied this as York, but the 

 mention of outlawry seems to make Evreux (Ebroica) 

 more likely ; and the form of the name is nearer 

 to it than to York. 



' A manor in Borcham. I have given in the 

 Introduction (p. 390) my reasons for believing this 

 to be the right identification, and not, as Morant 

 asserted, Camseys in Felsted. 



10 Now combined with Beaumont as one parish. 



11 The large number of serfs should be observed. 

 At the time of the Survey they had been reduced 

 from i 3 to 3, and no fewer than 13 bordars had 

 been introduced, a typical and suggestive change. 



507 



