THE HOLDERS OF LANDS 



SCELGA [Shellow (Bowells)], which was 

 held of Harold, in King Edward's time, by 

 Ulvric, a free man, as a manor and as 2 

 hides, is held by Geoffrey in demesne. Then 

 as now (semper) 2 ploughs on the demesne. 

 Then I plough belonging to the men ; now 

 a half. Then 2 villeins ; now i . Then 2 

 bordars ; now 4. Then 4 serfs ; now 6. 

 (There is) wood(land) for 150 swine, (and) 

 12 acres of meadow. And I more plough 

 could be employed (fieri). It was then worth 

 4 pounds ; now 100 shillings. To this 

 estate belongs (terrt adjacet) half a hide of 

 land, which is held now as then (semper) by 

 I sokeman ; then i plough on the demesne ; 

 now a half; then as now (semper) i bordar ; 

 and there are i acres of meadow ; and half 

 a plough could be added to the stock (restau- 

 rari); it is worth 10 shillings. 



fo. 6ib 



RODINGES [(White) Roding 1 ], which Ans- 

 gar held as a manor and as 2 hides in King 

 Edward's time, is held of Geoffrey by 

 (Geoffrey ?) Martell'. Then as now (semper) 

 2 ploughs on the demesne. Then 3 ploughs 

 belonging to the men ; now 2 ; and a third 

 could be added to the stock (restaurari). Then 

 6 villeins ; now 8. Then I bordar ; now 5. 

 Then i serf; now none. (There is) wood- 

 (land) for 20 swine, (and) 20 acres of meadow. 

 Then and afterwards it was worth 100 shil- 

 lings ; now 6 pounds. 



DOMMAWA [Dunmow *], which was held 

 by the same A[nsgar] as half a hide and 15 

 acres in King Edward's time, is held (of 

 Geoffrey) by William. Then as now (sem- 

 per) i plough on the demesne. Then 4 

 villeins ; now i ; and 4 bordars. (There 

 is) wood(land) for 50 swine, (and) 16 acres 

 of meadow. Then and afterwards it was 

 worth 20 shillings ; now 6o. 3 



ESTANES [Easton *], which was held by i 



1 i.e. the manor of Maskelsbury there. This 

 identity is proved absolutely, not only by Maskels- 

 bury, like (Geoffrey) Martel's manors at Bigods 

 and Dunmow (see above), descending to the count 

 of St. Pol, but by the Teita Je Nevi/J and Red 

 Book of the Exchequer (see note above), where the 

 count's holding is placed in ' Alba Roynge." 

 Morant wrongly identified the ' Rodinges * of the 

 text as Marks in Margaret Roding (ii. 473). 



* Possibly, as Morant held, Shingle Hall in 

 Great Dunmow, which was afterwards held of 

 Bohun. 



8 There seems to be nothing to account for this 

 great rise. 



4 The identity of this small estate has not been 

 ascertained. 



free man as a manor and as half a hide in 

 King Edward's time, is held of G[eoffrey] 

 by Richard. Then as now (semper) i plough 

 on the demesne. Then i serf; now I bor- 

 dar. There are 12 acres of meadow. Then 

 and afterwards it was worth 10 shillings ; 

 now 30.' 



CHENEFELDA [(Little) Canfield 8 ], which 

 was held by Afnsgar] as a manor and as half 

 a hide and 16 acres in King Edward's time, 

 is held of G[eoffrey] by Richard. Then 2 

 ploughs on the demesne ; now I . (There 

 is) now i plough belonging to the men, (with) 

 2 villeins. Then 8 bordars ; now 4. (There 

 is) wood(land) for 30 swine, (and) 1 6 acres of 

 meadow. It was then worth 40 shillings ; 

 and when received, the same ; now 60. 



ROINGES [Roding 7 ], which was held by 

 A[nsgar] as a manor and as 2 hides less 10 

 acres in King Edward's time, is held of 

 G[eoffrey] by Rainalm. Then as now (sem- 

 per) 2 ploughs on the demesne. (There are) 

 now 8 bordars. Then as now (semper) 2 

 serfs. (There is) wood(land) for 2O swine, 

 (and) 32 acres of meadow. Then and after- 

 wards it was worth 60 shillings ; now 100. 

 And i plough more (adhuc) could be added to 

 the stock (restaurari). To this estate (terre) 

 have been added 10 acres which were held by 

 I free man in King Edward's time ; and now 

 the whole Hundret (court) testifies that they 

 (are) of King William's demesne. 



RODINGES [Roding 8 ], which was held by 

 I free man as a manor and as I hide and 3 

 virgates in King Edward's time, is held (of 

 Geoffrey) by William. Half of this land 

 owed soke to Ansgar, and the other half 

 was free and was given by the king to 

 Geoffrey, 8 as his men say. Then i^ 



5 Here again, as in the entry preceding, the 

 value has tripled for no apparent reason ; and 

 the tenant was different. 



8 i.e. the manor of Langthorns there, which, as 

 Morant points out, was afterwards held of the 

 Bohuns. 



7 The identity of these two estates seems 

 doubtful. 



8 Hec terra dimidia reddcbat socam Ansgaro, 

 et altera pars erat libcra, quam rex dcdit G.' This 

 is a difficult but important passage as bearing on 

 ' soke ' and on the meaning of the word ' libera.' 

 Its gist appears to be that Geoffrey had obtained 

 half of it as Ansgar's recognized successor and the 

 other half by special gift of the Crown. It should 

 be observed that the whole estate had been held by 

 one man and ' as a manor,' although the tenure of 

 its two portions thus differed. 



