A HISTORY OF ESSEX 



(runcini), 50 beasts 1 (animalia), 300 sheep, 40 

 swine, (and) 6 hives of bees ; now 4 roun- 

 ceys, 4 beasts, 68 sheep, 37 swine, (and) 18 

 goats. Then and afterwards it was worth 9 

 pounds ; now 8. 



FRETINGA [Frating], which was held by 

 Ketel as a manor and as 2 hides, is held of 

 R[anulf] by the same T[urold]. Then 2 

 bordars ; now 3. Then 3 serfs ; now 2. 

 Then 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now i. 

 Then as now (semper) I plough belonging to 

 the men. (There is) wood(land) for 150 

 swine, (and) 4 acres of meadow. Then I 

 rouncey (runcinus), 4 beasts 8 (animalia), 4 

 calves, IOO sheep, 40 swine ; now I rouncey, 

 2 cows, 2 2 calves, 66 sheep, 20 swine, (and) 

 6 hives of bees. It was then worth 40 

 shillings ; now 60. 



HUNDRET OF RoCHEFORT [RoCHFORD] 



LEGRA [Leigh], which was held by i free 

 man as a manor and as i hide, is held by 

 R[anulf] in demesne. Then as now (semper) 

 2 villeins, and 2 bordars, and i plough on the 

 demesne, and half a plough belonging to the 

 men, and 5 bordars by the water (super aquam), 3 

 who hold no land. There is pasture for 100 

 sheep. Then I rouncey (runcinus), 5 cows, 5 

 calves, (and) i oo sheep ; now 2 rounceys, 4 

 cows, 5 calves, (and) 103 sheep. It was then 

 worth 40 shillings ; now IOO. 4 



HUNDRET OF TURESTAPLA [THURSTABLE] 



TOLESHUNTA [Tolleshunt (Darcy) 6 ], which 

 was held by Siward as a manor and as 4^ 

 hides and 30 acres, is held of R[anulf] by 

 Humfrey. Then 9 villeins ; now 10. Then 

 4 bordars; now 13. Then 10 serfs; now 

 6. Then as now (semper) 3 ploughs on the 

 demesne and 3 ploughs belonging to the 

 men. (There is) i saltpan, 5 acres of meadow, 

 pasture for 30 sheep, and wood(land) for 150 

 swine. Then 3 rounceys (runcini), 20 beasts 

 (animalia), 80 sheep, (and) 60 swine ; now 3 



1 This is an exceptionally large number, and is 

 suggestive of scribal error. 



2 This is a clear case of ' animalia ' being used 

 for cows, as at Blunts Hall, p. 527, note i, above. 



3 This phrase seems to correspond to our ' a 

 house on the river' and, in its origin, to the sur- 

 name Surtees. 



4 There seems to be nothing whatever to ac- 

 count for this great rise in value of 150 per cent. 



6 Previously Tolleshunt Tregoz. See my paper 

 on ' Tregoz of Tolleshunt Tregoz ' in Essex Arch. 

 Trans, [n.s.] viii. 330, for the succession of the 

 Tregoz family to ' Humfrey ' as under-tenant 

 on the Peverel fief. 



rounceys, 2O beasts, 160 sheep, 37 swine, 

 (and) 1 8 goats. It is worth now as then 

 (semper) IOO shillings. In this manor 4 free 

 men held half a hide and 5 acres ; but Ralf 



fo. 76 



Baignard has it and Hugh de Montfort ('c). 6 



GOLDHANGRA [Goldhanger], which was 

 held by Lewin' and Ulward the priest as a 

 manor and as 2^ hides and 25 acres, is held 

 of R[anulf] by Richard. 7 Then 3 bordars ; 

 now 1 4. Then as now (semper) 2 serfs. Then 

 2 ploughs on the demesne ; now i. (There 

 is) now I plough belonging to the men. 

 (There is) wood(land) for 80 swine, pasture 

 for 50 sheep, (and) 3^ acres of meadow. Then 

 5 1 sheep, (and) 8 swine ; now i rouncey, 



1 cow, 3 sheep, (and) 3 swine. It is worth 

 now as then (semper) 40 shillings. There 

 also (in eadem) (are) 2 free men with (de) 7^ 

 acres ; and (this) is worth 20 pence. 



XXXV. THE LAND OF AUBREY 

 (ALBERICI) DE VER 



HUNDRET OF DOMMAWA [DUNMOW] 



CANEDFELDA [(Great) Canfield], which was 

 held by Ulwin' 8 as a manor and as 2 hides in 

 King Edward's time, is held by Aubrey 

 (Albericus) in demesne. Then as now (semper) 



2 ploughs on the demesne. Then 4 ploughs 

 belonging to the men ; now 3. Then as now 

 (semper) 10 villeins. Then 4 bordars ; now 

 9. Then as now (semper) 4 serfs. (There 

 is) wood(land) for 160 swine, 51 acres of 

 meadow, (and) i mill. Then 7 beasts (ani- 

 malia), 2 rounceys (runcini), 20 swine, 80 

 sheep, (and) 3 hives of bees ; now 8 beasts, 



3 rounceys, 30 swine, 100 sheep, (and) 3 

 hives of bees. It is worth now as then (sem- 

 per) 6 pounds. 9 



6 This passage is of some importance for the 

 light it throws on the identity of the various Tol- 

 leshunts in Domesday. As the identity of the 

 Peverel manor is ascertained its hall adjoined the 

 church of Tolleshunt Darcy it may be inferred 

 that the ' Toleshunt ' of Hugh de Montfort 

 (p. 500) and that of Ralf Baignard must have ad- 

 joined it. 



7 This was doubtless the ' Richard ' who held 

 Count Eustace's manor there. 



8 This was the great English predecessor of 

 Aubrey in his estates (see Introduction, p. 343). 



9 There is nothing in this entry to suggest that 

 Aubrey had a residence there or to account for its 

 castle earthworks (p. 290 above) ; but in a thir- 

 teenth century grant to Tiltey Abbey Robert Earl 

 of Oxford styles the manor ' Canefeld Castel ' 

 (Tiltey Cartulary, vol. i. fo. 24). 



532 



