EARLY MAN 



These implements, which are of the form illustrated by the figure No. i, 



were probably used as hoes, and the purposely flattened sides characteristic of 



them seem to have been designed to better secure the implement from lateral 



movement in its haft. The polish upon the broad ends, and occasionally 



small chips, show them to have been considerably 



used in hoeing and digging the soil. 



The greatest of these, from Newton-le- 



Willows, where it was found near the Vulcan 



Foundry, now preserved in the museum at War- 



rington, was described when found as a club, 



owing to its remarkable length of 17$ in. It 



is 3! in. in greatest width and 2j in. broad. 



The material seems to be smoothed flint, which 



has become coated with a calcareous skin. It 



was found about 2 ft. below the surface, in 



cutting a drain in a field near the Vulcan Foundry 



at Newton. (See photo on Plate II. No. 3.) 



The flattened sides, a conspicuous feature in 



the Newton celt, are not apparent in that found 



at Shaw Hall, Flixton, now in the Blackmore 



Museum at Salisbury. This object also has the 



comparatively great length of 12$ in. One of 



the Pendle celts, now in the museum of Black- 



burn, with a length of i if in. is next in point of 



size. Its width is 3 Jin., thickness 1 1 in. Itsmaterial 



is described as felspathic porphyry. One side is 



smoothly polished as if by continued use in soil. 



It was found at Wiswell near Whalley in 1835. 



The other celt from Pendle, the subject of the 



figure No. i, is the most remarkable for its ap- 



pearance, though least of the four in size. Its 



length is 10 in. and breadth 2 in. It was found 

 in a turf pit near 

 Windy Harbour 

 Farm on the north 

 end of the hill. 1 



The material is a kind of green-stone, mottled, 

 and the surface is beautifully polished. 



Among the small class of stone celts 

 some of them retain the flattened side. Two 

 very good specimens were found at Leagram, 8 

 the one under the Hall itself, and the other 

 northward in the Pale Farm, near the Loud. 

 The former, which is illustrated by fig. 2, is 

 4! in. by 2| by i, and the latter somewhat 



FIG. i. MOTTLED STONE CELT 

 FROM WINDY HAREOUR, PEN- 

 OLE. Scale, 1:2. 



FIG. 2. CELT WITH FLATTENED SIDES 

 FROM LEAGRAM HALL. Scale, I : 2. 



ro- 1 T E r a "?' StMt Implements, 2nd ed. p. 117 from which the figure is taken by kind permission 

 of Sir John Evans. 



* Where they were preserved in the Hall by the late John Weld, Esq., from whose MSS. this information 

 is derived by courtesy of his daughter. 



217 



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