ANGLO-SAXON REMAINS 



been found in Denmark, and the Danish element in the whole of the decoration 

 predominates. 



A gold torque, apparently plain, but of pure gold, is described by 

 Dr. Whitaker l as having been found upon the surface of Red Moss, Rossen- 

 dale, apparently in the vicinity of other remains probably of Saxon times. 

 The torque weighed about ij ounces, but when found it was very much 

 twisted and distorted. 



Other ornaments of much interest were discovered at Claughton, and are 

 now in the possession of Mr. W. Fitzherbert Brockholes, of Claughton Hall. 

 They came from a tumulus 2 formed of sand in which remains of several earlier 

 ages were also discovered. The mound had 

 covered a burnt burial or burials of uncertain date, 

 the ashes being found within a clay vessel. A 

 number of objects seemed to the discoverers to 

 have been contained in a box which had decayed. 

 Chief among these were two bronze brooches or 

 fibulae, 'joined together, forming a kind of oval 

 box, the outer faces perforated with symmetrical 

 banded patterns with raised bosses.' 8 These are 

 similar to examples in the Scandinavian collection 

 at Copenhagen. In the same deposit apparently 



were two beads, the one of blue glass and the FIBULA OF WHITE METAJ FROM 

 other of red paste ; also a small fibula of white CLAUGHTON. 



metal, with an interesting pattern, of which a 



sketch is here figured. The box itself appeared to have been lined with a 

 cloth. In the same mound were an axe-hammer, spear-head, and sword, all 

 of iron and apparently of this period, and the stone axe-hammer previously 

 described. 



WEAPONS AND MISCELLANEOUS 



Other interments of Lancashire may probably, but with less certainty, 

 be assigned to this period, as for example the barrow of river stones on Hasty 

 Knoll, at Blackrod, near Wigan, which was found in 1770 to contain 

 numerous fragments of iron and various military weapons ; while under all 

 was a cavity 7 feet in length filled with black earth and decomposed human 

 remains. 4 



Near Stonyhurst, at Bullany Ford, Brockhall, south of the Ribble, a large 

 mound of earth was removed in 1 846, revealing a kistvaen formed of rude 

 stones, containing human bones, and the rusty remains of some spear-heads of 

 iron, which crumbled to dust on exposure to the air.* 



In Lancashire north of the Sands, while excavating some cellars at 

 Pennington a number of bones were found ' in a circular tomb,' and with 

 them an ancient sword which crumbled on exposure. There were also 

 recorded from the same site seven querns, some stone balls, and axes, found 

 i z feet below the surface. 6 



l Whitaker, Hist. Whalley, iii. 366. * See ' Early Man,' p. 225. Arch. Jount. vi. 74. 



* Lane, and Ches. Hist. Soc. Trans, xxiv. 87. 6 Baines, Hist. Lane. (ed. Harland), ii. 86. 



6 Barbour, Prehistoric Remains, 30. 



261 



