A HISTORY OF DERBYSHIRE 



to the county boundary and to a line drawn north and south through 

 Bolsover. These strata form division IV. of the county flora. A shallow 

 layer of coal measures lies on the west of the Peak between New 

 Mills and Mellor, and there is a small area of the same in the south- 

 east of the county, being an extension of the Leicestershire coalfield, 

 which runs up here to Church Gresley, Swadlincote, Newhall and about 

 Hartshorne, between Southwood and Scaddows near Calke. Botanically 

 the coal measures are the least interesting ; they can scarcely be said to 

 possess a distinctive flora, though there are several species which are 

 noticeable for their prevalence on them. The few plants which have 

 been found only in this division are Rubus pallidus, Weihe ; jR. Marshall^ 

 Rogers ; Senecio viscosus, Linn. ; Alopecurusfufous, Sm. 



The magnesian limestone (Permian), extending from Ault Huck- 

 nall and Pleasley by Bolsover and Barlborough northwards, forms 

 division V. of the county flora. It is a westward extension of the 

 Permian system from Yorkshire and Notts. It lies at a much lower 

 elevation than the mountain limestone, and like that formation has dales 

 on its borders, viz. three, Markland Grips, Cresswell Crags and Pleasley 

 Park. It shares its flora with the mountain limestone, but there are 

 special features belonging to it which give its flora a character of its 

 own, as is shown in the accompanying list : Helleborus viridis. Linn. ; 

 Arabis birsuta, Br. ; Heliantbemum vu/gare, Gaertn. ; Viola hirta, Linn. ; 

 Galium mo//ugo, Linn, (abundant, rare elsewhere) ; Erigeron acre^ Linn. ; 

 Inula Conyza, DC. ; Cnicus acau/is, Hoffm. ; Campanula 'Tracbelium, 

 Linn. ; *Galeopsis Ladanum, Linn. ; Taxus baccata, Linn. ; *Epipactis 

 palustris, Crantz. (now only known here, though there are old records 

 for its occurrence on other formations) ; Orchis pyramidalis, Linn. ; Ophrys 

 musctfera, Huds. ; Eriopborum latifolium, Hoppe ; *Carex montana, Linn. ; 

 Avena pratensis, Linn. ; Ka/eria cristata, Pers. ; Bromus erectus, Huds. ; 

 Brachypodium pinnatum^ Beauv. (abundant, rare elsewhere). 



The next in order is the series of the trias or new red sandstone, 

 which occupies the south of the county, with the exception of some 

 outliers and patches of other strata occurring here and there which have 

 been mentioned above. There are two main beds : the bunter yellow 

 or red sandstone, with quartzose pebbles frequently conglomerate, in a 

 narrow strip between Ashbourne and Mugginton, between Ednaston and 

 Brailsford, between Morley and Breadsall, and between Foremark and 

 Bretby Park, the keuper red marls and waterstones occupying the 

 remainder of the area. The broken character of the surface is much 

 increased by the numerous faults which occur, rendering the assignment 

 of divisions to bunter and keuper respectively impracticable. Still, the 

 area allotted to division VI. (viz. all west of a line drawn from Derby 

 southwards and north of the Trent and Dove) is at a higher average 

 elevation and colder than the other two divisions, and is marked by 

 the absence of such plants as Silene noctiflora, bryony (B. dioica), teazle 

 (Dipsacus si/vestrts), water violet (Hottonia), Festuca myurus. 



Division VII., the area east of Derby and north of the Trent, 



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