lirvxviv i ivj.rxi"N 



7 with heads pointing to the north 



8 north-e 



EARLY MAN 



th 



,-east 



7 east 



8 south-east 

 10 south 



7 south-west 



8 west 



3 north-west 



Of 74 instances in which the side upon which the body lay has been 

 specified; 38 were on the left side and 36 were on the right. 



The Rev. Dr. Greenwell, who drew his conclusions from a much 

 larger number of examples, found that in the majority of instances 

 the body had been so placed as to face the sun during some part of 

 the day; that is, while the fewest faces looked towards the north-east, 

 the most were directed to the south, nearly 60 per cent of the whole 

 number having their gaze confined to directions ranging from south-west 

 to south-east. If we analyze the 44 Derbyshire cases in which both the 

 direction of the body and the side upon which it lay are given, we 

 obtain a similar result. Here again the north-east was the most avoided 

 point of the compass, but instead of the south the largest number faced 

 the west, the south closely following ; while over 60 per cent of the 

 total number looked in directions between the west and the south-east. 

 It seems clear therefore that no importance was attached to the direction 

 of the body and the side upon which it lay, except so far as they 

 enabled it to face the source of light and life. But this was not a rule 

 strongly insisted upon. 



The various objects which have been conveniently termed ' grave- 

 goods,' associated with the different interments, have, as already stated, 

 all the characteristics of a common age. The most remarkable and 

 interesting of these objects are the earthen vessels. Besides the cinerary 

 urns referred to above, vessels of other shapes, but of the same rude, 

 hand-made, and imperfectly fired ware, have been frequently found, 

 and are known as ' drinking cups,' ' food vases' and 'incense cups.' The 

 first two are, with little doubt, rightly named, for both in Derbyshire 

 and elsewhere traces indicating the former presence of liquids or foods 

 have been observed in them. The term ' incense cup ' is a fanciful one, 

 for the use of these changeful little vessels is uncertain. The decora- 

 tion of all these vessels, although varying greatly in elaboration, is 

 essentially identical in technique and design. It is made up of ex- 

 tremely simple elements, in which the right line plays a chief part. 

 These lines have most frequently been impressed from twisted thongs or 

 notched stamps ; less frequently they are simply grooves. Their com- 

 binations are extremely varied, consisting of simple bands of parallel 

 lines ; parallel lines in alternate series, horizontal and vertical ; zig-zags 

 and triangles of varying degrees of complexity ; ' herring-bone ' and 

 latticed diapers, etc. Dots from simple punches and impressions of the 

 finger nail and tip occur, but they play a very subordinate part. The 

 drinking cups are, as a class, the most carefully and elaborately decorated, 



