Presumed original masonry 



alterations 

 Inferred 



FEET O 10 20 



vnnn 



A HISTORY OF DERBYSHIRE 



quarters, or, as it is often (not perhaps correctly) styled, Praetorium. This 

 was a square or oblong structure, varying in size in various forts : a 

 small specimen might measure 70 by 80 feet, and a large one 140 by 

 1 80 feet. As an important edifice, it was built almost invariably of 



stone. Its entrance, or 

 at least its chief entrance, 

 was in the middle of one 

 side, usually one of the 

 shorter sides. Through 

 it the visitor reached first 

 an open yard encircled 

 by a cloister, and then 

 an inner and smaller 

 yard. 1 Behind this, at 

 the back of the whole 

 structure, was a row of 

 I POOR some five rooms looking 

 out on to the inner 

 court. The middle room 

 was the shrine where the 

 standards of the regiment 

 were preserved, where 

 the gods of the army 

 were officially wor- 

 shipped, and where the 

 military chest was kept 

 in a sunk strong box or 

 cellar. The other rooms, 

 which usually have heat- 

 ing apparatus of one sort 



FIG. 6. HEADQUARTERS BUILDING AT HOUSESTEADS. or another Were appar- 



(The part shaded was roofed.) ently offices f Or clerks and, 



occasionally, store-rooms 



for weapons. Such is the general scheme, but the details naturally vary 

 slightly between fort and fort and between province and province. In 

 particular we seem able to distinguish two types of headquarters, a 

 simpler one in which the division between the two courts is made merely 

 by an arcade or wall, and a more elaborate one in which a roofed 

 passage intervenes. It is possible, though it cannot be called certain, 

 that the simpler is the earlier type. See figs. 5 and 6. 



Close to the headquarters stood other important buildings, usually of 

 stone. Two of these are constant features the officers' quarters, a 

 residential structure comfortably fitted with hypocausts and sometimes 



1 Some archaeologists have thought that the inner yard was roofed and resembled a large hall. So 

 Constantin Koenen in his account of Novaesium (Banner Jahrbiicher, in, 112 : 1904), and Ward in his 

 account of Gellygaer (Cardiff Naturalists' Soc. xrxv. 1903). But Koenen's plans do not seem to me to 

 justify his conclusion, and for Gellygaer I may refer to my note in Mr. Ward's report, p. 56. 



IQ8 



