DOMESDAY SURVEY 



As all these words occur frequently in the Derbyshire portion of the 

 Survey they cannot be passed without some discussion. 



Now on the whole we shall probably be safe in recognising four 

 types of manorial structure in the Domesday survey of Derbyshire. 

 There is first the case in which ' manor ' and ' vill ' are identical. This is the 

 normal state of things in many counties, but by no means in Derbyshire, 

 or indeed generally in the Danelaw. It is much more usual here to find 

 that several manors are included under one vill, 1 their individuality being 

 recognised by the common Domesday practice of placing the letter M to 

 denote ' manerium,' with a figure attached to the letter indicating the 

 number of constituent manors, at the side of the villar heading. Instances 

 of this occur on almost every page of the Derby Survey ; thus on the fief 

 of Henry de Ferrers we find Tissington reputed to contain seven ' manors,' 

 Barton Blount, eight ; Shirley, Sutton-on-the-Hill, and Etwall, five each ; 

 Hilton and Swarkeston, four. Each of these ' manors ' is considered to 

 have been the estate of some definite owner before the Conquest, whose 

 name is specified, and it would seem as if the unity of the manor was not 

 necessarily destroyed by the fact of its being held by two co-owners, since 

 in the case of Shirley, which is stated in the margin to have consisted of 

 five manors, we find the previous holders represented by seven names 

 ' Chetel and Ulmer, Turgis, Elric, Algar, Ulviet and Lepsi.' Here it 

 looks as if the men whose names are connected by a conjunction were 

 considered to hold one manor between each two of them, though in view 

 of the possibility of scribal error in Domesday it would be unsafe to attach 

 much importance to the point. In one instance the assessment of each 

 ' manor ' is given separately in an interlineation. Burnaston and Bear- 

 wardcote, which were assessed (together) at two carucates, were divided 

 into five ' manors,' one containing 10 bovates, two of 2 bovates each, and 

 two of i bovate each. 8 These last represent the inferior limit of size 

 for the ' manor ' in Derbyshire, so far as we can tell in the absence of 

 detailed assessments for other similar cases. 



A third type of manor is especially well represented in Derbyshire. 

 This consists of a central ' manor,' with satellitic ' berewicks.' ' The 

 " barton " and the " berewick ",' says Professor Vinogradoff in his latest 

 work, ' are settlements connected with barns for the collection of corn 

 and other produce with no special agricultural plots attached to them.' 3 

 Similarly Professor Maitland says of the berewick : 



Its name seems primarily to signify a wick or village in which barley is grown ; 

 but like the barton (' bertona,') and the grange (' grangia ') of later days, it seems often 

 to be a detached portion of a manor which is in part dependent on and in part 

 independent of the main body. Probably at the berewick the lord has some demesne 

 land and some farm buildings, a barn or the like, and the villeins of the berewick are 

 but seldom called upon to leave its limits ; but the lord has no hall there, he does not 

 consume its produce upon the spot, and yet for some important purposes the berewick 

 is a part of the manor.* 



1 See for instances from other parts of England Dom. Bk. and Beyond, 1 16-1 18. 

 8 Fol. 27jb. 3 % Growth of the Manor, 224. 



4 Dom. Bk. and Beyond, 1 14. 



3" 



