ANCIENT EARTHWORKS 



included an amber bead, 

 part of a bronze brooch, 

 and a great variety of 

 Anglo - Saxon pottery 

 fragments, showing a 

 long-sustained occupa- 

 tion of the burh that was 

 probably constructed be- 

 tween the departure of 

 the Romans and the 

 coming of the Nor- 

 mans. 1 



Unfortunately, the 

 making of new roads 

 and the building of villas 

 has completely blotted 

 out the interesting series 

 of earthworks round the 

 castle, since the drawing 

 of the plan. 8 



9. The site of 

 HORSLEY CASTLE (xlv. 

 10), of whose existence 

 and repairs there are re- 

 cord evidences as early 

 as the latter part of the 

 twelfth century, has been 

 so long used for quarry 

 purposes and afterwards 

 planted over, that very 

 little proof of the former 

 extent of this once im- 

 portant stronghold can 

 now be obtained. ' The 

 present ruin formed a 

 portion of the keep, 

 which appears to have 

 been multangular, and 

 apparently constructed on an outcrop of the rock at a considerable 

 elevation above the rest of the castle buildings.' a Several visits to the 

 site made by the writer of this section have failed to elucidate any con- 

 jectural plan either as to stonework or earthwork, save that some of the 



1 ' Duffield Castle : its History, Site, and recently found Remains,' by Rev. Dr. Cox. Journ. ofDerb. 

 Arch. Soc. ix. 118-187. Three distinct pre-Norman deposits of pottery fragments and other debris 

 were found in successive layers, as exposed in the trenches. 



2 The actual foundations of the Norman keep have been preserved and enclosed, through the 

 generosity of the Hon. F. Strutt and Mr. Herbert Strutt. 



8 'Annals of Horston and Horsley,' by Rev. C. Kerry, an article in Derb. Arch. Journ. x. 16-17 

 (1888). This is the best printed account of Horsley Castle. 



383 



