THE APPLE. 67 



deposit its epfgs in the calyx or blossom end, usually one at a time 

 and one to each apple. This is b'^lieved to be almost invariably 

 done in the night. The animal itself, being small, and a brownish 

 color, is very seldom seen. These eggs hatch, in about a week, a 

 very minute whitish worm, with black head and collar, which eats 

 its way gradually into the core of the apple. The apples containing 

 worms can usually be distinguished by the adherence of the cast- 

 ings of the worm to tlie calyx, in the form of a small dark tuft. 

 Many, but not all, of the wormy apples fall to the ground, some 

 before and some after the worms have matured and passed out. 

 They generally leave the apple through the side, through a larger 

 hole than the one by which they entered ; but sometimes by the 

 same, at the calyx end. 



The length of the lives of these insects, it has been found by close 

 observation, to be about as follows : Egg slate, one week ; larva 

 state, four weeks ; pupa state, two weeks ; imago or moth state, 

 one week — eight weeks in all. Favorable or unfavorable circum 

 stances may lengthen or shorten each of these periods. 



It is now generally known that there is a second brood, in locali- 

 ties soutli of forty-one or two degrees, which survives the winter, 

 and is ready for another raid when the mild weather of spring 

 brings them out. Many individuals of this brood leave the apples 

 after they have been gathered, and secrete themselves in the crevices 

 of the barrels or bins in which they are stored. 



It is understood that each female moth will deposit from fifty to 

 Bixty eggs in as many apples. It can thus readily be seen that, 

 with two broods in a season, even one of these moths may commit 

 a great deal of havoc in an orcliard before the season closes, and 

 the great necessity existing to use the utmost vigilance in their 

 destruction. 



They can he destroyed. With the foregoing facts well understood, 

 the intelligent orchardist will readily discover some modes by which 

 their numbers can be m-.terially lessened. These methods arc 

 several— more or less successful. Dr. Le Baron, State Entomologist 

 for Illinois, enumerates four methods, thus: 



" Destroying the insects-in their winter quarters. Picking the 

 wormy apples from the trees. Gathering the wormy apples from 

 the ground, or letting sw ne and sheep have the range of the orchard. 

 Entrapping the worms in bands and other contrivances." 



