154 THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF FRUITS 



equally evident, that, as a rule, the (^reat mass of grape-growers- -the 

 million — icill not, however much they may be urged, be induced to 

 adopt any system of winter protection that involves care and trouble. 



The Concords, the Clintons, the Ives, the Nortons. and others, 

 may get along safely through most winters without protection. 

 But if we expect to obtain the luscious Delaware, the Rebecca, the 

 Maxit iwny, or even the Catawba, we must make up our minds to 

 protect. 



The mode of protection usually practiced is to lay the vine down 

 upon the grotmd, and cover with earth to the depth of an inch or 

 two. This requires that tl»e annual trimming shall be done in the 

 fall, before the freezing weather commences. In most vineyards, 

 where projection is not practiced, this work is omitted till in the 

 ■winter or early sprino-. 



This question of protection we shall leave for each one to judge 

 for himself, according to circumstances ; with the additional re- 

 mark, that of the vnrieties named in the succeeding list, probably 

 one-half had better be protected north of Ohio and Pennsylvania, 

 while the other half may get along without it. 



DiflPerent modes of training are adopted. Some tie to stout 

 stakes, six or seven feet high, one to each plant. Where wood is 

 scarce and costly, this is an expensive mode. The most common 

 method is to use a trellis of wire. For this purpose posts are set in 

 the ground at proper distances — say twenty feet — and wire fastened 

 to these horizontally. The posts at the ends should be firmly set 

 and braced, in order that the strain of the wire shall not loosen 

 them. The wire is fastened to the posts by means of small staples, 

 to be had at the hardware stores. Three wires are usually re- 

 quired, placed twenty inches or two feet apart, and the lower one 

 a foot or so from the ground. 



Manufacturers now supply a wire especially for the purpose. This 

 annealed wire, No. 12, is strong, and will answer ; but No. 10 is 

 heavier, and will last longer. To wire an acre of trellis, the cost 

 will be from thirty to sixty dollars, while the posts at ten cents 

 each, may bring the sum total from sixty to one hundred dollars, 

 according as wood and labor are costly or cheap. Inferior trellis, 

 made of split or sawed slats, may be obtained at cheaper rates in 

 places where wood is plentiful. A primitive mode of building a 

 trellis, is to use split poles, obtained from the woods when the bark 



