182 



APPENDIX. 



that it is done in June, when the buds will grow a foot or two the 

 same season. 



Grafting is the insertion of a scion from one tree into the wood 

 of another. It is successfully done in the root, or at the collar, of a 

 young seedling — or in the stem anywhere above ground — or it may 

 be done in the branches of a large tree. By the first of these modes 

 most of the apple trees from the nurseries are propagated. This is 

 usually done in the winter, the scions being cut and the young trees 

 dug up and carefully packed away in sand in cellars before the 

 ground freezes. When grafted, they are packed m boxes in saw- 

 dust, and are ready to be transferred to the open ground as soon as 

 it is preparedwn the spring. 



Grafting above ground is done in the spring before growth be- 

 gins, though it can be done successfully after the buds have begun 

 to swell ; but scions should be cut earlier. It frequently is desirable 

 — and we have elsewhere strongly advised it — to change varieties 

 by top-grafting, even after bearing has commencsd. The process is 

 easy, if rightly understood. Trees of five, ten, and even twenty 

 years old, have been thus changed with profit. 



Thgre are three modes of grafting practiced by nurserymen, all of 

 which have their advantages. Tongue Grafting (Fig. 6) is that 

 wherein a sort of touijue is made in the scion to be inserted in a cut 



FiQ. 9. 



Fig. 11. 



in the face of the stock. FIt- 7 repressnts the stock inserted, wedge 

 fashion into the sciin, callid Sii'lle Grafting ; and Fig. 8 gives a 

 view of t'.ie mist. c>)nim >n an 1 the easie.^^t jnode, called Cleft Graft 



