APPENDIX. 183 



tag. '?Vhen completed by any of these modes, the graft is to be 

 wrapped, as in Fig, 9, with a strip of strong thin paper, saturated 

 wun gratting wax. 



In grafting large limbs the modes must be adopted as represented 

 in Figs. 10 and 11— Fig. 12 showing how the split is to be held open 

 while the graft is inserted. These larger grafts are to be covered 

 with wax without the paper— it ^eing usually carried in a ball, and 

 put on with the hands covering the whole from the weather, ex- 

 cepting the buds of the scion. 



In top-grafting not more than one-half of the branches should be 

 useil the first year, leaving the other half to be grafted the following 

 year. The reason for this is, that a tree must not be divested of all 

 its foliage, a f)ortion being necessary to sustain life. 



The limbs for grafting should be selecte 1 as nearly equal as pos- 

 sible from all sides, and should be cut only far enough from their 

 junction with the body or larger limbs to admit of the necessary split. 



The tools necessary for this work are, a sharp pruning saw, a good, 

 strong-bladed knife, a mallet, and a small, thin iron wedge — all in 

 a basket for convenience, with scions and a ball of wax. 



In placing the scions to their places in the stock, care must be 

 taken that the outer bark of one shall just meet the other ; also that 

 the wedge of the graft is cut sufficiently slanting to fit the split 

 closely. It is desirable, also, that where the limb is large enough to 

 justify it, there should be two grafts inserted, to insure against loss. 



Some varieties are much more vigorous growers than others. Care 

 should be tiiken that, in the selection of grafts, those sorts that are 

 near equal in that respect should be joined together. Free growers 

 should not be grafted upon stocks of slow growth. Grafts that have 

 been well set will sometimes make a growth of several feet during 

 the first season. The scions to be used should be about four inches 

 in length and may have three buds, one of which should be placed 

 just at the entrance of the split, as in the figure. 



Grafting wax is made of about equal parts of resin, beeswax, and 

 tallow, melted together. The proportions are varied to suit the 

 weather. 



There are many modes of grafting and budding not alluded to 

 here, as these are sufficient for most purposes and are the simplest 

 and most easily put in practice. Much is necessarily left unex- 

 plainel, which the good sense of the reader, added to a little expe- 

 rience, will supply. 



