1889. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



95 



THE COMPLETE GARDEN.* 



XXII. 

 BY -V WELL-KNOWN HOBTICULTTJllIST. 



Continued from page 72. 

 HERBACEOUS AND SEED-GROWJJ PLANTS. 



In the preceding sections of this serial the 

 attention has been confined, with a single 

 exception (that of the Strawberry), to 

 growths of a woody nature— trees, shrubs 

 and vines. Now we will take up that divi- 

 sion of vegetable life suited to use in a Com- 

 plete Garden which embraces plants of a 

 herbaceous or succulent nature, a chief 

 characteristic of which is the producing of 

 a new growth from the ground upwards 

 annually and which dies down as often 

 either soon after maturity or in the fall. 

 The plants under this head may be classi- 

 fied according to their habits, duration and 

 other characteristics as follows: Annuals, 

 Biennials and Perennials. 



Aniiualx. All those plants that flower 

 the first year from seed, and, after yielding 

 a new crop of seed, die, root and all, are in- 

 .cluded in this class. Among familiar il- 

 lustrations are Peas, Corn, Asters, Morning 

 Glories, etc. The Annuals may be again divi- 

 ded according to hardiness, as Hardy, Half- 

 Hardy and Tender Annuals. Hardy An- 

 nuals readily germinate their seeds and 

 make their growth to maturity, if planted 

 in the open air early in the spring and 

 without the aid of artificial heat. HnJf- 

 hitrdy Annuals are more tender than the 

 hardy class on which account the seeds 

 should be started either under glass or else 

 sown in the open ground only after danger 

 of frost to the young seedling is over. Ten- 

 der Annuals are yet more susceptible to 

 Injury from cold than the last named. To 

 sow the seeds of these in the earth before it 

 is well warmed, either artificially under 

 glass or by the sun in the open air, is to in- 

 vite their loss. To this class belong such 

 lovers of heat as the Squash and Gourd, 

 Castor Oil Bean, Salvia, etc. 



Bicn n ials are plants that ordinarily flower 

 the second year after sowing and then ripen 

 their seed and die, root and all. They may 

 be hardtj, as the Parsnip, Salsify and Can- 

 terbury Bell, or half hardy like the Beet, 

 Celery, Brompton Stock, etc. 



Perennials live from year to year pro- 

 ducing a new herbaceous growth above 

 ground annually, but which dies to the 

 earth as often while the root continues 

 alive. This class is divided into Hardy 

 Perennials and some H(df Hardy and Ten- 

 der Perennials, each of which includes 

 some bulbous and tuberous plants. Pa^onies, 

 Hyacintlis, Rhubarb and Asparagus are 

 representatives of the hardy perennials. 



A most important division of the seed 

 grown plants is that of the culinary vege- 



Fiy. 57. Garden Marker and Line. 



tables which form such an important article 

 of food, and to these some attention will 

 now be devoted. 



THE VEGETABLE DEPARTMENT OF THE 

 GARDEN. 



In no department of horticulture has 

 there been greater advances made in recent 

 years than in that which relates to the cul- 

 ture, use and wonderful variety of culinary 

 vegetables. Not only is the light, pleasant 

 and excellent food afforded by the green 



•Copyright, 1887, Popular Gardening Publishing Co. 



vegetables moi-e sought for and eaten than 

 ever in the past, but it is also of better qual- 

 ity as a result of selection and improved 

 cultivation. That the improving health 

 and increasing length of life, which statis- 

 tics prove to be certainly gaining in the 

 present age, are in some part due to the 

 increased consumption of vegetables and 

 fruits in large variety, cannot be doubted. 



Admitting all this, as readily can be done, 

 there is yet vast room for improvement in 



tivation. The improved horse or hand im- 

 plements, which are such a great help In 

 keeping a garden clean, can be used to far 

 better advantage through long rows than 

 through short ones. In the engraving oppo- 

 site I aim to show the most desirable and ■ 

 simple form of a quarter acre vegetable 

 garden. 



Another advantage of the elongated gar- 

 den is that the plowing and other operations 

 of preparing the soil can be better done 



'Ye'n%\™ds.''"^- Asparagus, 2 ft.xl ft. 



Rhubarb, 4 ft.x4 ft. 



Class B — Kinds Tomatoes, 4x4 ft. 

 3°^.^RT.'*°^^'^^* Potatoes. 3 to 4x2 ft. 



Artichoke, .3 to 4 ft. apart. 



Artichoke, Jerusalem, 3 ft. 

 Class C — Includ- xM- 

 INO kinds for Borecole, 3x2 ft. 

 ROWS 3 FT. APART. *Beans, running, 3 t't.x4 ft. 



*Sweet Corn, 3 or 4 ft. apai t. 



;*Egg Plant, 3x2 ft. 



Celery, tall, ixl4 ft. 

 under C). 



(See 



Squashes, MelonSt 

 etc., See under D. 



Peas, Tall, D 3 ft. I 



Potatoes, Early, 3xM ft. \ 



Cardoon, 3x1!^ ft. 

 ♦Cucumbers, 3 or 4 ft. apart. 

 ♦Nasturtium, D. 



f Celery, Dwarf, 3 ft. 

 I x^ ft. Mail abio 

 "1 foUowEarlyBeets, 

 I Early Cahbage, 

 I Onione. 



Cabbage, Late, 'MZft 



2 ft.xlj^ ft, 



Class D — Ikclud- 

 S?wsT"p\."SSP«--Dwarf,D2ft. 



Cabbage, Early, I Plant Early Spinach, Lettuce, Radish, Horseradvih, midway 



MULTIPLES OF 2 

 FT. APART. 



lit, .1^ Ml I tiff (.J^J^C/IUO/llj J^l/t't' «.VT>1 <«iU'U.L>:3f ti 



between rows <ir foUuxo with Celery. 



I Follow with Late Cabbage, (2*3 /t.) Celery, <JixHft.) 

 Plant at intcri^als in Pea rows to occupy g-round later. 

 *Suminrr Siiiia.ili,{i.rif1.) *Mcurrows, (iVS ft.) *Fall 

 I and Winter fiiimvli. iWxW ft). *Mmk Melons, (6.r6/t.) 

 I *Water »i((o;i,s, ;.s.cS ft.) 



Horseradbih, ■ZxVAft-. may follow Early Beets atul Early Cabbage. 



Broccoli, 2x21^ ft. Bvussel's Sprouts, 2x2 ft. *Beans, (Bush), D 2 ft. 



*Martynia, 2x2 ft. »Okra, Dwarf, 2x2 ft. *Pepper, 2x2H ft. 



^ .„„ 1? T„„, i„i^ 'Carrots, Dl)^ ft. or less. I S DriU Early Radiehts or Ea/rly Spinach between 

 (..LABS El — iNCL D G Parsuips D li4 f t ( I row^ 



fi"^ '»*!?«»'!?'"* Kohl Kabi, IWxMft. Celeriac. ikx^ ft. Chervil, 1^x1^ ft. 



1^ I r. APAKT. Turnips, Dli^ft.,may follow any early season crops. 



Class F — Includ- 

 ing kinds for 

 rows 1 ft. apart. 



Beet, Early, D 1 



ft ) Follou' with Celery, [SxH 

 "■ 1 Spinach, (D 1 ft.) 



ft.),and Horseradish, (arlM/f-) FiM 



Beet, Late, D 1 ft. 



\ Follow with Celery.iSxiift.), 

 Onions, D 1 ft.- ft. or lightly broadcast). 



I broadcast.) 

 Spinach, Early, D 1 ft., folUnv with Tomatoes, (4r4 ft.) 



. Fall Spinach, (D 1 /(.), Turnips, (D 1 

 Winter Radishes, {D 1 ft. or lightly 



Salsify, D 1 ft. 

 ♦Collard, D 1 ft. 

 Spinach, W. Radish, 



. I *Anise. 

 g Balm. 

 a I *Basil, Sweet. 

 a 1 Caraway. 

 " ' Catnip. 



Coriander. 



Feuuel, Sweet. 



Lavender. 



Dlft. 



♦Endive, 1x1 ft. 

 Corn Salad, D 1 

 Lettuce, Radish. 



ft. 

 D. 1 



♦Marjoram. 

 Mint. 



Rosemary. 

 ♦Savory. 

 Saffron. 

 Sage. 

 . Thyme. 



. or between Early Cabbage. 

 Cress, D 1 ft. 

 Dandelions, D 1 ft. 

 Garlic, IxH ft. 

 Leek, IxH ft. 

 Mustard, D 1 ft. 

 Parsley, lx% ft. 

 Schorozonera, D 1 ft. 

 Chives, IxJ^. 

 Onion Sets, IxH ft. 



D kinds tor drills. 



Successional crops are printed 



A ♦ Indicates the kinds that ai'e more tender, 

 in Italics. 

 A Chart for Guiding the Arrangement of the Vegetable Garden, showing the Distance apart 

 for Kinds, Successive Crops and other Information. Copyrighted. 



the average vegetable garden of the land. 

 Many and many a tiller of the soil, for 

 pleasure or for profit, has notyetdischarged 

 his full obligation to himself and to his 

 family l)y providing such a free and steady 

 supply of garden products the year around 

 as the best of health and economy demands. 

 The oljject, therefore, of the present chapter 

 is to outline sucli a course as will lead to 

 the conducting of the vegetable raising 

 branch of a Complete Garden on the most 

 simple, economical and varied plan. The 

 important subject of fitting the land for 

 vegetable growing by underd raining, cul- 

 ture and manuring, has been referred to in 

 former chapters. 1 will therefore proceed 

 with the subject of arrangement. 



Arranijinti the (lanlen. The l)est plan 

 for the vegetable garden is the most simple 

 one that can be made on consistent lines. 

 The land should be free from fruit or other 

 trees, as well as of anything like walks, 

 edgings, flower beds, etc., partaking of a 

 permanent nature, unless indeed, the latter 

 be at the sides or ends. The openness 

 which is secured by the absence of trees, 

 tends to the securing of a better quality and 

 flavor in the products, for sun and air are 

 essential to raising the best vegetables. 



A most common obstacle to be met in gar- 

 dening is the presence of weeds, which start 

 up thickly everywhere. To keep the ground 

 perfectly clear of these, asshoukl always be 

 done, it is best to have the rows extend from 

 end to end through the greatest length of 

 the garden, with a view to simplifying cul- 



than when the turns are shorter. Such a 

 garden as I refer to does not necessarily do 

 away with the idea of plenty of walks. In 

 the engraving it will be observed that there 

 are two main central crosswalks, besides 

 several shorter ones in the lower left hand 

 corner and those skirting the plat. But the 

 former are mere temporary walks, being 

 formed by discontinuing the rows crosswise 

 of the area wherever the walks are wanted. 

 It may often be convenient to bring in such 

 temporary cross walks as are shown in the 

 herb garden of the lower left part wherever 

 kinds are to be grown that require but a 

 short length of row. The only permanent 

 features of such a garden as is liere outlined 

 are the lines of perennial plants like Rhu- 

 barb and Asparagus at the upper side, the 

 space for frames in the same line and the 

 screen of evergreens which skirt the plat to 

 the north and west. 



Distanee of Phnitimj and Surressional 

 I 'raps. To keep the garden ground very rich 

 and then useing it to the best advantage is 

 an excellent rule in vegetable culture. To 

 use it to the best purpose implies the plant- 

 ing of the crops at proper distances apart so 

 that there shall be neither a waste of land 

 or a crowded state of the plants. And in 

 addition to this due regard must be paid to 

 have the early crops succeeded by later ones 

 throughout the season. These are matters 

 in which many err. In order to render 

 the subject very clear even to the inexper- 

 ienced, the engraving figure .56 and the chart 

 pertaining thereto are offered. 



