96 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



January, 



The principle in the main observed in this 

 plan is the simple one of classing the kinds 

 that require rows the same distance apart, 

 or multiples of that distance by themselves. 

 SLx classes are employed, varying in the 

 distance between rows from upwards of 

 three feet apart (A, b) to 1 foot apart (F), 

 and into one or another of these all vegeta- 

 bles likely to be cultivated are brought. 



In the chart the vegetables of each class 

 are named, in ordinary type, with the second 

 or other successional crops in italic type. 

 Another important distinction made is that 

 of indicating which are the more tender 

 kinds of plants all such being preceded by a 

 star. These kinds are half-hardy and ten- 

 der, hence sensitive to cold and cannot 

 safely be trusted out in the spring so long 

 as there is any danger of frosts. All other 

 kinds, as a rule, may be sown as early in 

 the spring as the soil can be worked up 

 finely. By keeping this chart before one 

 the intelligent laying out of the vegetable 

 plat becomes an easy matter, whatever may 

 be its shape or extent. 



Half of the beauty of a vegetable garden 

 depends on having the rows, which extend 

 from end to end, without reference to cress 

 walks or the length occupied by any partic- 

 ■ ular kind of vegetables, as nearly straight 

 as possible. To thus lay it out, pro^^ding 

 at the same time for rows of the different 

 widths apart, the implements shown in fig- 

 ures 57 are needed. The first is the common 

 iron reel with line, used for guiding the 

 other implement, namely the marker, in its 

 first trip across the garden. If after one or 

 more rounds of the marker any material 

 deviation from a straight line is observed in 

 its course it is well to again stretch the 

 line to correct this. 



This marker is a simple affair to be drawn 

 by hand and which can be made by anyone 

 who has a few good tools and the lumber. 

 On one side the marking teeth should be 

 one foot apart on the other 1)^ feet apart. 

 By using the full markers sowing to each 

 mark and by skipping one or more of the 

 marks regularly in sowing, rows of any 

 distance apart from one foot up may be had. 

 (To be Continued.) 



Fruit Trees in Front Yards. 



Few things in this world are handsomer 

 than well-grown fruit trees when they 

 are in blossom and when carrying a crop of 

 fruit What better argument is wanted 

 therefore, for convertmg the fiont yard of 



A Front Ta/rd Planted with FYuit Trees 

 many small places into dwarf Pear or 

 dwarf Apple plantations. 



In the accompanying engraving is shown 

 one of a type of gardens common near Paris, 

 France, planted to fruit trees and this shows 

 how much may be done in such a direction. 

 A mere spot of ground is planted with care- 

 fully-selected and choice trees, well-trained, 

 and the result is, even from an ornamental 

 point of view, better than it often is where 



subjects that have only beauty to recom- 

 mend them are planted. 



It will be observed that the trees are set 

 in cultivated areas outlined by tile edgings. 

 Beneath the trees, Pansies, Pinks, and other 

 hardy flowers grow, and the presence of the 

 trees does not prevent the little garden from 

 being made gay with flowers. In winter, 

 the graceful pyramidal Pear trees and well 

 and simply-formed Peach and Plum 

 trees against the walls, certainly often 

 look better than little gardens arranged 

 otherwise ; in spring there is the beauty 

 of fruit-tree blossoms ; and in autumn, 

 the crown of trees — good fruit. 



prizes and awarrls gratuities just in the same 

 manner as they do for flowers, fruits or vegeta- 

 bles, e.vcept that all the exhibitions except of 

 window gardening are held at the society's ball, 

 while the exhibitions of window gardening are 

 held in various parts of the city and suburbs, in 

 order to save the children the journey to Horti- 

 cultural HaU; and the great drawback this com- 

 mittee first encountered (that of keeping children 

 from their dinner) is overcome. You may won- 



A New Enemy to the Apple Tree. 



In addition to the list of 179 species of 

 insects that, according to Prof. Ltntner, 

 prey upon the Apple, Prof. Popenoe, In 

 Bulletin No. 3, of the Kansas Experi- 

 ment Station, reports on another one 

 that has been found quite extensively 

 distributed throughout Kansas. The «" 

 insects, which he suggests might be 

 called the Apple flea-beetle, is known 

 to scientists as Ornptodera foliacca, usu- 

 ally occurring upon plants of the Even- 

 ing Primrose (Otiariraccce) family, being 

 especially partial to the Silky Gauras 

 {Oaura pnrviflora), the leaves of which are 

 often riddled by the beetle in question, 

 and which attracted attention during May 

 and June on the college grounds hj its attack 

 upon the Apple trees. In orchard trees 

 only the branches near the ground suffered, 

 and these but slightly. The greatest injury 

 was done in the nursery where the beetle 

 often defoliated the spring-set root-grafts, 

 the yearling trees, and seriously injured 

 even the 3-year-old trees. The insects are 

 most active in bright warm weather and 

 are then attracted to the trees in great num- 

 bers, where they feed upon the parenchyma 

 of the leaf as in the illustration, avoiding 

 the veins and midrib. But on young shoots 

 of the root-grafts their work is most injuri- 

 ous for they keep the new growth cut so 

 close that the graft sometimes fails to 

 recover. The yearlings though denuded, 

 usually recover and throw out new leaves 

 after their attack is over. 



Like its near ally, the steel-blue Grape 

 beetle, the species is easily alarmed, and 

 on being approached, springs off the leaf, 

 and seeks safety in flight, but only to return, 

 however, and occupy its feeding ground 

 when the danger is past. 



The advance of this beetle was easily 

 checked by timely spraying with the mix- 

 ture of arsenical poison {Paris green or 

 London purple) in water, as used against 

 the codling moth. As the beetles fly well, 

 they may come in from time to time through 

 three weeks or more from other localities, it 

 may be necessary to repeat the application 

 especially if heavy rains should occur. The 

 strength employed, about six ounces of 

 London purple to a barrel of water we 

 found did some injury to the tender leaves. 

 The following is a brief description: The 

 Apple-flea beetle measures from 4 mm. 

 (.15 to .19 inch) in length, is ovate in general 

 outline, and is inmost parts highly polished 

 and brassy green in color. The antennfe, 

 except the first-three joints, are usually 

 dark-brownish black, the color obscured by 

 a short gray pubesence. The feet are dull 

 or reddish brown, and, with the legs and 

 under parts generally, are thinly clothed 

 with gray pubescence. 



Work of Insect, (b) Apple Flea-Beetle, enlarged. {Drawn 

 by Marlett. 



\ der why our exhibitions could not be in the fore- 

 noon or afternoon, but that plan was tried and 

 found wanting in time, as it is an immense 

 amount of work to look over 200 or 300 plants, 

 repot a lot of them, trim and tie to trellises, etc., 

 in so limited a time. Now we have the children 

 bring their plants in the morning, go home to 

 dinner at noon (they can, li\ing near the exhibi- 

 tion) and return in the afternoon to find the 

 prizes awarded. The plan works perfectly, and 

 is leading to an immense amount of good. 



Window Gardening Association. 

 A reference is made to an association of this 

 kind at Boston, Mass., as if it existed independ- 

 ently. This is a mistake. The thing referred 

 to is simply one of the committees of the Massa- 

 chusetts Horticultural Society— the committee 

 on Window Gardening— and our society offers 



Grubs Eating Strawberry Plants. 



To avoid loss from this pest do not set plants on 

 an inverted sod or near decaying stumps. Their 

 presence at the roots of a Strawberry plant may 

 be detected by the foliage withering in dry 

 weather. The infested plant cannot often be 

 saved, but by killing the grub its neighbors ma.v 

 escape destruction.— E. S. G. 



New York IVIarlcet Quotations, 

 I Showing Tendencies. 



Week ending Week ending 



Dec. 18. 



Apples— King, per bbl $1 7.')®2 50 



Pippin, perbbl., 



N. Spy, perbbl I 00®1 50 



Baldwin, per bbl 1 00®1 37 



• • loooaoo 



Greening, choice, per bbi 

 Snow, per bbl 



Cranberries- Cape Cod, per bbl. 



Grapes— Concord, per lb., 



Catawba, per lb., 



Niagara, per lb., 



Delaware, per lb., 



Pears— Duchess, per bbl. , 



Virgalieu, per bbl., 



Vicar, per bbl., 



KieBEer, per bbl 



Quince.'*— per bbl., 



Apples— evaporated. 1888 fancy, 



Evapotated 1888. common. .. _ 



Evaporated 1887, per lb i@ 



Chopped, per lb 19|® 



Cores and skius, 1® 



Blackberries— evaporated 1888,.. 5@ 



2S0@8 50 



a® S 



Dec. 4. 



«1 75®2 00 

 150@3 00 



75@ia5 

 1 00@1 75 

 1 50@2 00 

 3 50®8S0 



1^21^ 



4 00@4 5(1 

 4nu@5 00 



2 50@aoO 



3 00®4 50 

 50®125 



4H® 



5 

 2 



IM 

 5J4 



Cherries— evaporated 1888 13@ 15 



1|^®2« 



5® 514 

 13® 16 

 mi® UJ^ 

 18® 20 

 7® 9 

 7® 10 



22 



20 



3 0C@4 00 

 50®2 00 

 75®100 



100 



2 7.5@3 25 

 I 00®1 25 

 125®150 



3 00®2 75 

 lifl®125 



75(51 1 00 

 1 50® 1 76 



Huckleberries— evap'edperbbl., 103^@ 11 

 Peaches— Dei., evap't'd, peeled, . IS® 20 



Del., evap't'd, luipeeled. 7@ 9 



Southern, peeled, 7® 10 



Southern, unpeeled, 1888 3J^ 



Plums— South. Daw.son, per lb„. 7 

 Raspberrles-evap'fd 1888, lb.,.. 21® 23 



Sim-dried 1888, lb 19® 20 



Cabbage, Long Island, per 100,. . 1 OOeS 50 



Cauliflower, per bbl 150®4 00 



Celery, L. I., per doz. bunches. . 75®1 uo 



Kale. Norfolk, per bbl., 50® 75 



Onions— State yellow, per bbl... 1 00 



Eastern, white per bbl 2 i.5®3 75 



Potatoes— State Burbank, 180 lb. 1 12® 1 25 



State Rose, per 180 lb 1 37@1 75 



Sweet Jersey, per bbl 2 00(52 50 



Squash, Hubbard, per bbl 2 0(lei2 50 



Spinach, Norfolk, per bbl , 1 5lJSi2 00 



Turnips, Russia, per bbl 40® 75 



Hickory Nuts 100®176 



EXrORT APPLE TRADE. 



Liverpool quotations given by Dp Long, Mayer & Co. 

 Week ending Week ending 

 Dec. 17. Dec. 10. 



Baldwins . per bbl $1 69® 2 18 $1 93® 2 64 



Grccnlni;s!, iicr bbl 1 81 " 2 00 218"266 



Newtiiu-u Pippin, per bbl 145"(i05 1 93 '* 7 50 



Boston Biiklwin, per bbl 1 45 " 1 81 1 81 " 2 25 



Shipments Week ending Week ending 



Dec. 15. Dec. 8. 



Fi'om all ports to Liverpool, . . 18,206 hbls. 44,897 bbls. 



From all l)orts to Glasgow,... 7,494 " 27,365 " 



From all ports to Loudon, ...5,641 " 17,416 " 



From all other outside ports, 400 " 4,923 " 



A totat export for week of. . .31,741 bbls. 94.591 bbls. 



The total exports for the season, up to Dec. 15, had 



aggregated more than 1,000,000 bbls., as against totals 



for the years of 1887 of 591,000, and lor 1886 of 744,539 bbls. 



