1889. 



POPULAR GARDENING, 



157 



flitting about the affected bushes in the daytime, 

 and may then be caught and destroyed. This 

 hand picking appears to be the only possible 

 method of protecting the bushes from the 

 attacli of the insect. When the bushes are 

 shaken the worms will let themselves down by 

 their threads, when they can be easily gathered. 



How to Make Horticultural Societies 

 Profitable. 



IJIfr. C. W.Idell, before the New Jerseu Ilortienltural 

 Soeiety Meetiittf.] 



The object of these organizatious are of a 

 two-fold character, viz.; to give and receive; 

 and In order to develop this idea, every 

 member should come to the meeting i)ro- 

 vided with a new experience and increased 

 information; and a member who attends 

 without this has not done his duty to him- 

 self or to others, for an entire year has 

 passed away, giving each a new experience, 

 and a good member should not have failed 

 to note the various changes taken place 

 during the year. But when no notes are 

 taken, these events are forgotten. Although 

 not deemed important to you, it may be so 

 to others who have not a live experience. 

 It is not expected that one person should 

 learn every thing, but it is presumable that 

 each person could learn at least one thing; 

 if he does not he fails to do his duty, so far 

 as giving is concerned. 



I have heard farmers give this excuse for not 

 attending the meetings: "Oh, I cannot talk." 

 Now, that excuse is all nonsense, for let them 

 gather around the stove in some country store 

 during the winter evenings, you will learn they 

 can talk fast enough, and good enough for any- 

 one to listen to; and many times their talk shows 

 a wide experience that would make them men of 

 note in any society. Bear in mind that our 

 meetings are not held for the purpose of display- 

 ing oratorial powers, but for the purpose of a 

 number of plain, practical fai-mei's to interchange 

 ideas and experiences. 



It is easy to say, " Oh, I guess 1 will not attend 

 this session of our society." But suppose each 

 one was not only to say so, but to remain away 

 —and each one no doubt has as good an ex- 

 cuse as you had— there would be no meeting. 

 My experience teaches me that those remaining 

 at home do the least to forward the interests of 

 the meetings, and find the most fault with those 

 who attend. Perhaps the very reason why the 

 meeting was not a greater success was due to 

 your non-attendance. There is another feature 

 of this staying-at-home-business. They do them- 

 selves and those who attend an injustice, and set 

 a bad example for others to imitate. Don't for- 

 get that these are mutual aid societies, and their 

 motto is " Give and receive." If one comes only 

 to get information he is not a profitable member, 

 for if all do this there would be nothing to get. 



Living Trees a.s Fence Po.'^t.s. 

 There is one point that I wish to call your par- 

 ticular attention to. Some think it the special 

 duty of the executive committee to spread be- 

 fore you each year a feast of good things for 

 your enjoyment. Of course a thing is valued 

 and appreciated according to the tastes or wants 

 of the members. Now, how is this committee to 

 know what you like and what you want, if you 

 do not tell them? If one person says " I prefer 

 turkey," and adds, " I will furnish the gobler," 

 we realize that he is not only sensible but practi- 

 cal; while another says " I prefer Peaches or 

 Grapes," and does not offer either fruit, the 

 chances are that he may not get ju.^t what he 

 preferred. Last season I heard a complaint that 



there were too many (irapes on the table, but 

 suppose that those members who furnished this 

 fruit did just what many others did— nothing. 

 Why, it would have been a dry aftair, for noth- 

 ing was exeluded to make room for them. 



Think well upon this subject, gentlemen, and 

 when the executive committee sends around 

 their circulars soliciting good things for the 

 feast, be prepared to back up your suggestions 

 with a first rate paper. You have no idea what 

 a relief it would be to the committee in making 

 up their programme for the meetings. Do not 

 expect too much of this body without your aid. 

 John Wesle.v adoi>ted a remarkably concise and 

 instructive motto of " All at it, and always at it"; 

 it we mil not only adopt, butcarry out this idea, 

 your comniittee will have less care and anxiety. 



There is anothei- feature that I note with re- 

 gret—the omission of members to bring speci- 

 mens of fruits with them to the meetings. I 

 know that our meetings are held at a time of the 

 year when fruit is scarce, but there are some 

 varieties that, with care, could be preserved 

 until then, and a display would be interesting 

 even if some old variety is included; for instance, 

 the old "Sheep Nose " variety of Apples, what a 

 curiosity they would be to some of the younger 

 members. Farmers need associations of this 

 kind, at the best; and they should improve every 

 opportunity of this kind, in order to cheer and 

 learn. I often notice how much pleasure the 

 meetings of the Grangers afford them, for the 

 wives and even the children participate in them, 

 and feel the better for it; and I have no doubt 

 they owe their success more to the combina- 

 tion of the family than the wisdom of the fathers. 



CONDENSED GLEANINGS. 



Shading Trees after Planting. After planting 

 a tree protector is at once placed around them 

 for protection, and the shade to the stems of the 

 trees until their own foliage is sufficient to do so. 

 For this last purpose the best and cheapest tree 

 protector yet used is made of wooden strips that 

 come six feet above ground, placed three inches 

 apart and bound with iron hoops; this gives the 

 necessary shade to the stem and at the same time 

 allows free circulation of air. This shading is all 

 important, for when trees are growing in forests 

 or in the nureery they shade one another, and it 

 must be evident, that if set out in the streets of 

 a city, without any protection from the blazing 

 sun, they must suffer. Many thousands of de- 

 cidious trees, both fruit and ornamental, perish 

 annually the first year of planting from this 

 cause, as from the closely planted nursery rows 

 the change is too great, unless the season is es- 

 pecially favorable, no matter how carefully the 

 planting ma.v have been done. Trees in orchards 

 and other inclosures can be shaded by wrapping 

 the stems up to the lower branches with straw 

 or anything that will shade the trunk from the 

 sun; the grand success in planting the avenues 

 in Washington is no doubt due largely to the 

 persistent use of this precaution, for it is never 

 omitted, and the results attest its value. And 

 there all trees for two years after planting are 

 cultivated, by the soil being stirred up by a 

 pronged hoe for four or five feet from the stem 

 in all directions.— P. Henderson in Harper's. 



Shadow Morello Cherry. We first met with 

 this remarkable variety near Warsaw, Poland, in 

 1882, under the name of Schatten Amarelle. As 

 "schatten" means shadow— referring to the pe- 

 culiar mirror-like reflection of the skin of the 

 fruit— we have taken the liberty of translating 

 the name as above. It is said to be an introduc- 

 tion from north central Asia, and it is possibly a 

 seedling of Spate Morello, which it much resem- 

 bles in tree and fruit. Among its peculiarities 

 may be noted: A more perfect foliage and being 

 hardier in tree and fruit buds, than any old 

 \arii-ty. It has not been hurt by our trying 

 winter and summers, and bears full crops of 

 fruit. It is also remarkable for continued strong 

 gi-owth of wood when bearing heavily, on very 

 young and small trees. Trees four feet in height 

 were bending with weight of fruit, often bear- 

 ing in nursery when only two years old from the 

 bud. In leaf and habit it is a Morello, while in 

 fruit it is a near approach to the Dukes, even to 

 to being bitter until fully ripe, when it becomes 

 nearly sweet. Its size of fruit and season are 

 about the same as the English Morello. But the 

 pit is smaller and the quality for dessert or can- 

 ning much better.— J. L. Budd, in O. J. Farmer. 



Kose Cuttings from Blind Wood. That blind 

 wood of Roses will produce equally floriferous 

 plants as cuttings made from flowering shoots. 



judging from some extended tests by good 

 gi'owers. seems to be established. This view, 

 though contrary tf> the tradition of the trade, 

 seems to be quite reasonable. When blind shoots 

 are used, they should be clean and healthy, such 

 as are produced by Catherine Mermet, the Bride, 

 and other varieties during the winter, and this 

 growth makesa desirable addition to the cutting- 

 bench. Some conservative growers still prefer 

 to make cuttings only from flowering shoots, 

 but it is often difficult to procure enough such 

 wood, when it is wanted, therefore it is advis- 

 able to put in all the healthy wood at command. 

 And when it is desirable to 

 have young Roses early, it 

 will be best to put in cut- 

 tings in October, or earlier, 

 if suitable wood Is to be 

 had, because plants struck 

 at this time will be in good 

 condition early the follow- 

 ing season, this applies es- 

 pecially to Roses of the 

 Tea class, used for forcing. 

 — Garden and Forest. 



Marketing the Orange 



A Tree Ouard 0/ Crop. The general tcn- 

 Wrought Iron, after ail 1 * 1 , ^. 



English Pattern dency toward speculation 



that pervades our 

 human nature will cause many to try new 

 schemes, and among these may be mentioned the 

 auction plan in many cities that ai-e now being 

 boomed by a class of agents and brokers who 

 neither occupy stoi-es, nor have proper facilities 

 for handling consignments by the old established 

 methods. They offer great inducements, but if 

 tried the results will be only as it was proven in 

 seasons past. Fruit will be thrown on the market 

 in large bulk by forced sales, and with no one 

 to protect the shipper, a general break in prices 

 is caused, and if the plan be followed up, there 

 will be no opportunity given for the market to 

 react. And the hundreds of outlets in the way 

 of smaller dealers in distant parts of our country 

 sought out by the established commission mer- 

 chant will not be reached.— Florida Farmer. 



What Hakes a Good Keeping Grape. For long 

 keeping qualities it seems to us that more de- 

 pends upon whether there is much or little free 

 juice in the Grape. Of two varieties of Labrusca, 

 the tougher skinned will prove the better keeper, 

 though if we compare the Catawba with the 

 Jefferson, both of Labrusca origin so far as 

 known, we shall find that while the skin of the 

 former is the tougher, yet the latter is the better 

 keeper. The Catawba has considerable pulp and 

 also a good deal of free juice between the pulp 

 and skin, but the Jefferson is meaty throughout. 

 The Malaga and other varieties of Vinifera are 

 fine keepers, though they have very thin skin, 

 and there is no pulp or free juice. The one de- 

 cided improvement in American Grapes needed, 

 is a hardy, vigorous variety like Victoria, Moore's 

 Early or Cottage, that shall bear benies with 

 meat.v flesh.— Rural New Yorker. 



Apropos of the Electric Sugar Swindle. Some 

 day a man will look wise and darkly point over 

 his shoulder at a locked room and tell us he has 

 a plan for gathering Grapes from Thorns; and 

 we will buy his stock. There will also appear a 

 man in Philadelphia with a dark room and some 

 crazy machinery for harvesting Figs from 

 Thistles; and we will support him. Likewise there 

 will come to us a man from interior Michigan 

 who has a plant for extracting sunbeams from 

 Cucumbei-s; and he will fatten on us till he dies, 

 and then leave the scheme to his heirs, and we 

 will take care of them— we and our hard-headed, 

 practical English friends.— New York Tribune. 



Living Trees as Fence Posts, The Prairie 

 Farmer deserves credit for the practical idea 

 given expression in illustration of wire fence 

 supported by living trees. The fence is put up 

 in the common way, with strips of wood fastened 

 to upper wire to give timely warning to approach- 

 ing cattle and stock. A iiuick-growing tree, an 

 Ash, Catalpa, Box Elder, or e^en a nut or fruit 

 tree is planted near each post on hue of fence, 

 and by the time the posts begin to rot, can be 

 used in place of the post; fasten the wire to the 

 trees with staples, and the fence will stand firm 

 as long as the wire lasts. 



Strawberries and Potatoes. As early in the 

 spring as the ground can be worked, plow the 

 ground and harrow well. Then run furrows 

 three and a half to four feet apart, and plant 

 early Potatoes in hills about two feet apart, cov- 

 ering with the hoe so that the hills can be seen. 

 Plant Strawberries between each two hills in the 

 Potato row. In working the Potatoes the Straw- 



