174 



POPULAR GARDENING SUPPLEMENT. 



ate, or by simply scattering moistened tobacco 

 stems between the plants, is one of the most sim- 

 ple and complete remedies known for these in- 

 sects. The vaporizer shown in Fig. 21 is a capita! 

 thins where special regai-d to neatness is re- 

 quired in the use of the tobacco liquid, but it is 

 no better than a lamp set under a shallow pan. 



Bern. 11. ParaffineOil. When young Larches, ! 

 Pines, or other plants are infested, by watering 

 them at intervals of three or four days for about , 

 three weeks with diluted paralfine in the proper- j 

 tion of a wineglassful to a watering can of 

 water, they may be saved and restored to health. 



Rem. 12. Hot Water. To submerge affected 

 plants or branches in water of a temperature of 

 about 125° or 130° wiU kill Aphis. * 



Rem. IS. Colonizing the Lady-bug. The com- 

 mon Lady-bug (see Fig. 18) (C'occinellida^) is an 

 insectivorous beetle that destroys the Aphis with 

 avidity. By encouraging the presence of this in- 

 sect on house and other plants, the lice may be 

 completely kept down. 



Rem. 14. Promoting Growth. It should perhaps 

 be stated that plant lice, as well as all other insects, 

 are always more troublesome on plants or trees 

 in an enfeebled condition than on others. Any 

 course ttiat tends to promote vigor will be help- 

 ful in withstanding their attacks. 



Apple Worm or Codling Moth. (Carpocap- 

 sa pomoncUii Linn). For this most injuri- 

 ous insect a very complete remedy is novy in 

 use, one easy of application, and which, if 



Fig. 5. The Codling 

 Motli, (perfect in- 

 sect of Apple 

 Worm). 



Fig. 6. The 

 lioung Apple 

 Worm work- 

 ing in tow- 

 ards the core. 



rightly used, vpill result in saving at least 

 seventy per cent of the Apples commonly 

 lost by its ravages. The remedy is the ar- 

 senical poison found in both of those well 

 known insecticides, Paris Green and Lon- 

 don Purple. Referring to the use in detail 

 of these remedies. Professor A. J. Cook 

 gives the following: 



Rem. 15. Liquid Ai'senical Poisons— London 

 Purple or Paris G-rcen. The best remedy for the 

 Codling Moth is to use either London Purple or 



Mg. 7. Worm of Codling Moth in (Tie matured Apple. 



Paris Green. The remedy is not only efficient, 

 but is also easy of application, and not e.\pen- 

 sive. I have now tried this thoroughly for six 

 years, and in each and every case have been 

 more than pleased \\ith its excellence. I know 

 of no one who has tried it in vain. The past sea- 

 son has shown that in using Paris Green or Lon- 

 don Purple— the last seems preferable, as it is 

 cheaper, more readily mixed, and very effective 

 — one pound to two hundred (200) gallons of 

 water is quite strong enough. It is best to wet 

 the powder thoroughly and make a paste before 

 putting it into the vessel of water, that it may all 

 mix, and not form lumps. It is best to apply the 

 mixture as soon as the blossoms fall, and again 

 in three weeks, in case of any heavy rain. Usu- 

 ally I have found one thorough appUcation, 

 made early, so effective that I have wondered 

 whether it was best or necessary to make more 

 than one. I do think, however, that it must be 

 early. In May and June the calyx of the Apple is 



up, (see Fig. 6) and so the poison is retained suflB- 

 ciently long to kill most all of the insects. For a 

 few trees we may use a paU, and a hand force 

 pump, always keeping the liquid well stirred. 

 One common pail of liquid will suffice for the 

 largest tree. A teaspoonful of the poison is 

 enough in a pailful of water. For a large orch- 

 ard common barrels should be used, and drawn 

 in a wagon. I prefer to have the barrels stand 

 on end, with a close movable float, with two 

 holes through it, one for the pipe or hose from 

 the pump, and the other for a stii-rer. If very 

 large orchards are to be treated a good force 

 pump should be fastened to the barrel. In western 

 New York the handle of the pump is connected 

 with the wagon wheel so that no hand power 

 is required other than to drive the team and 

 manage the pipe which carries the spray. The 

 spray may be caused by a fine perforated nozzle 

 or a cyclone nozzle. The finer it is the less liquid 

 will be required. In treating an orchard the 

 great point is to be thorough. If a still day can 

 be had I would drive on a very fast walk and 

 drive through the orchard twice in each space, 

 first north and south, then east and west, so as to 

 go on all sides of each tree. This makes very 

 thorough work. A stop-cock so arranged as 

 to permit the instant change of water from the 

 hose so that it will flow into the barrel or tank in 

 case of vacancy of trees in the row is often 

 convenient. Hardly any one thing on the farm 

 will pay better than this spraying Apple trees 

 with the arsenites. As to the danger of using, this 

 amounts to nothing provided the spraying is done 

 before the Apples have began to hang down- 

 ward. 



Apple Maggot. This maggot, which most- 

 ly infests fall Apples, but occasionally at- 

 tacks winter fruit, is much to be dreaded. 

 It is now a fruit enemy from New England 

 to Wisconsin. From the fact that it tun- 

 nels Apples through and through and thus 

 utterly ruins the fruit which it attacks, 

 makes it more damaging in some respects 

 than even the Codling Moth. Should it be- 

 come as common as the Codling Moth, and 

 should' it attack winter fruit generally, it 

 would indeed be a serious pest. Like the 

 Codling Moth, it causes the fruit to fall to 

 the earth. In September and October the 

 insect leaves the Apple and passes into the 

 earth to pupate. 



Rem. 16. Feeding the Fruit. Feed all the 

 affected Apples in early September. An enter- 



its grub or larva state, not only eating 

 through the stems of the plants, but also de- 

 stroying the leaves and seeds. See Fig. 8. 



Rem. 17. Dusting with air-slached lime on a 

 quiet morning while the dew is on the plants. 



Rem. 18. Gutting the Stalks. Those infested 

 should be carefully cut out and carried away 

 and burned. 



Rem. 19. Fowls. Employing a flock to feed 

 on the beetles. 



Aster Root Louse. See Ajihis or Lice. 



Bag or Basket Worm. This species, which 

 proves not only a serious depredator to 

 shade and fruit trees, but especially to the 

 Arbor Vitee in some places, appears to be on. 



^£^ 



d. 



Fig.%. Asparagus infested with the Asparagus Beetle 

 in its different stages. See Remedies 17 to 19. 



prising Michigan farmer, at my (Professor Cook) 

 suggestion, made full use of this remedy, after 

 suffering seriously for two years. He has ap- 

 parently exterminated the pest. 



Arsenical Poisons. See Rem's. 1.5, 43, S4, lOS. 



Asparagus Beetle. This is becoming very 

 troublesome in some parts of the country in 



Fig. 9. Bag Worm. A, full grown larva with bag. b, c, 

 follicle and pvpariuin cut open to show eggs, d, 

 young larua with their conical upright coverings. 



the increase, and should be carefully looked 

 after. During winter their dependent sacks 

 or bags (See Figure 9) may be seen hanging 

 on the twigs of the trees. As early as May 

 of the next season the eggs on the bags 

 hatch into small active larva, which crawl- 

 ing on a leaf, at once begins to gnaw it, and 

 construct a portable case or bag in which to 

 live. 



Rem. 20. Hand PicMng the Bags. The best 

 method of arresting the depredations of this 

 insect is to collect the cases when they have 

 attained a size to permit of their easy discov- 

 I ery, and crush or burn them. This is a very 

 j effectual method, for as the female has not the 

 power of flight, being without wings, and never 

 leaves its case even for the deposit of its eggs, a 

 tree which has once been cleared of the bags can 

 only become re-infested from contact of its 

 branches with another infested tree, or from 

 such a pro.vimity to it that the intermediate 

 sp.ace of ground could be traversed by caterpil- 

 lars driven to migration for theii" food. 

 ' Rem. 21. Arsenical Poisons. Undoubtedly 

 I either of the arsenical insecticides (which see) 

 appUed to theii' food-plants would destroy the 

 [ young larvie. 



Bagging Grapes. See Remedy 78. 

 Baits of Potatoes, etc. See Remedy 153. 

 Bands on Trees. See Remedies 39, 45. 

 Bark Lice or Coccus (Coccidae). A common 

 class of insects, varying very much in form 

 and which are injurious to many trees, 

 shrubs, and plants, hardy and tender. A 

 familiar form of the genus is represented in 

 the numerous scale insects that infest the 

 bark of Apple, Peach, Elni and many other 

 trees, as well as that of greenhouse and in- 

 door plants. Of these insects in this scaly 

 stage some of them are oval with slightly 

 conve.x scales, others are decidedly convex, 

 and either formed like a boat turned bottom 

 side upwards, or are globular or kidney- 

 shaped. Another form is found in the white 

 scale on Ivy, Oleander, Orange and similar 

 leaves. Still others, while in a younger 

 stage of growth are mealy, hairy or woolly, 

 of which the well-known Mealy Bug of our 

 greenhouses and window gardens forms a 

 good illustration. The insects live by in- 

 serting their beaks into the bark or leaves 

 and draw from the cellular substance the 



