178 



POPULAR GARDENING SUPPLEMENT. 



point of entrance. It generally eats out the 

 interior of the berry, and if the fruit is dis- 

 turbed the worm wriggles out and lets itself 

 to the ground by means of its silken thread. 



Rcm.TS. Bagging the Clusters. The course is a 

 most simple one. Common light maniUa bags, 

 the size known as two pound bags, are usuall.v 

 employed. These are slipped on oyer each clus- 

 ter of the fruit and secured somewhat loosely by 

 pins or a loop of wire or thread. If the stem of the 

 cluster is brought against one end of the opening 

 a single pin to a bag will answer, if in the middle, 

 to have the paper Ijear evenly on all sides, then 

 several pins or stitches are needed. A small slit 

 should also be made in the bottom of each bag, 

 to allow escape for any water that may enter 

 into it along the stem. From 500 to 1000 bags can 

 be put on in a day by one person, and costing 

 from 1.^ to 1 cent per pound of fruit. Bagging 

 also serves as a prevention of mildew and rot, 

 and protection from birds, fowls, etc. The time 

 to bag the fruit is as soon as it is well set. 



Grape Leaf Hopper. {E ryth roneura vitis.) 

 This active little insect, often erroneously 

 called Thrips, is one of the most trouble- 

 some known to the Grape grower. It is 

 hardly above an eighth of an inch long; it 

 jumps with great vigor, and dodges around 

 quickly with a sidewlse motion when ap- 

 proached. It congregates in great numbers 

 on the underside of the leaves, where it sucks 

 up the sap, causing numerous Drown spots 

 and often killing the leaves. Of this insect 

 there are several species, differing only in 

 color. 



Bern. 79. Torch Remedy. Pass between the 

 rows with a strong torch at night, one person to 

 carry the torch and one on each side to slightly 

 shake the treUise for starting them towards the 

 flame. They fly readily to the light and being 

 small are at once destroyed. 



Rem. 80. Kei-osene Emulsion. Same as 6. 



Rem. 61. Oeanliness. As they pass the winter 

 under leaves, loose bark of the stakes, etc. 

 Cleanliness in removing and burning the leaves 

 in the fall, as well as cleaning away all lodging 

 places, is of the first importance. 



Grape-vine Flea-beeiles. bee Flea-beetles. 



Grape Curculio ( CicUocli'n in(rquaUs.} The 

 larva of this curculio infests tlie Grape in 

 ,lune and July, causing a little black hole in 

 the skin and a discoloration of the berry 

 immediately around it. This Curculio is 

 small and inconspicuous, being of a black 

 color, with a grayish tint. It Is very bad 

 some years and in others scarcely noticeable. 



Sem. 82. Jarring and Removing Berries. All 

 infested berries should, from time to time, as 

 they are noticed, be collected and destroyed, and 

 the beetle may be jarred down on sheets, as with 

 the Plum Curculio. 



Hem. 83. Bagging the Clusters. Same as Rem- 

 edy 78. 



Grasshoppers. A remedy that gives prom- 

 ise of being a most excellent one for this 

 well-known pest comes from the Pacific 

 Coast, having first been published in the 

 Pacific Rural Press as follows: 



Rem. 84. Mash of Bran and other Ingredients. 

 The mash consists of four parts of bran, one part 

 of sugar and one and one-half parts of arsenic, 

 to which is added a sulEcient quantity of water 

 to make a wet mash. Mix the arsenic thoroughly 

 vrtth the bran; put the sugar in the water and 

 stir until the sugar is dissolved. Then pour this 

 sugar-water into the bran and arsenic and stir 

 thoroughly, A common washtubf ul of this mash 

 is sufficient for about five acres of Grape-vines. 

 Throw about a teaspoonful of the mixture be- 

 neath each vine infested, and in a short time the 

 Grasshoppers will leave the vine and commence 

 feeding on the bran, and in a few hours will be 

 found to be dead. The mixture costs from thirty- 

 five to forty cents per acre of vineyard. Mid- 

 dlings or shorts have been used in the place of 

 bran, but are not so desirable. 



Grape-vine Fidia. (Fidia viticicla.) This 

 beetle, often confused with the Rose bug 

 (See Fig. 3.5), which it somewhat resembles, 

 being rather shorter and broader, is in 

 many places very injurious. 1 1 comes around 

 during June and July, intlictiug damage 

 liy riddling the leaves, sometimes if very 

 numerous so that they are but mere shreds. 



Rem. aS. Jarring. Same as No. 59. The least 

 jar is sufficient to cause the Insects to fall. 



Rem. 86. Fowls. By starting a flock of fowls 

 in the vineyard, having one boy go ahead to 

 shake the infested vines, and another behind the 

 fowls, vineyards have been completely cleaned 

 of the pest. 



Grape-vine Worms. See Sphinges. 



Green Fly or Lice. See Aphis. 



Grubs, White. See May-bugs. 



Hellebore. See Remedies 53, 63, 137. 



Honeysuckle Sawfly. See Sawflies. 



Hot Water Remedy. See Remedies .5, 13, 37, 

 1.54. 



Household Insects. See Pyrethrum; also 

 Remedies 2 to 4. It may be added that as a 

 remedy to be applied on living creatures a 

 mixture of crude petroleum and lard will 

 kill all insects. 



Insect Powder. See Pyrethrum. 



Jarring. See Remedy 59, 75. 



Kerosene. See Remedies 6, .57. 



Lady Bug. See Remedy 13 and Fig. 18. 



Leaf Crumplers. (Phycis indigcnclla.) A 

 conspicuous pest of various fruit trees and 

 widely distributed. Its presence is at once 

 known by its work of bringing a considera- 

 ble mass of leaves together, (which soon turn 

 brown), and attaching them to each other 

 and to the twigs by means of silken threads. 

 The brown, wrinkled worm is within. The 

 next season yottng worms appear from the 

 mass and feed on the new crop of leaves. 



Rem. 87. Gathering' the masses and burning 

 them. 



Leaf Skeletonizers. Under this head might 

 be brought a number of insects. Including 

 Slugs, thct feed on the parenchyma of the 

 upper surface of the leaves. Tliey may be 

 destroyed by remedies 6 and 43, according to 

 their habits. 



Leaf Rollers. There are many Caterpillars 

 that curl or fold up the edges of the leaves 

 of plants, securing both habitations and 

 food to the insects. In the case of the Grape- 

 vine Leaf Roller, Verbena Leaf Roller and 

 others, the worm is of a grass-green color. 



Fig. 18. Lady Bug and Larva. 



very active, wriggling, jumping and jerk- 

 ing either way at every touch. 



Rem. 88. Crushing. The most simple meth<id 

 to destroy the worms is by crushing them sud- 

 denly within the leaf with the hand. 



Rem. 89. Fall Burning of Dead Leaves. As 

 the last brood hybernates in the chrysalis state 

 within fallen leaves, much may be done, especi- 

 ally in the case of the Grape and other fruits 

 towards checking the ravages of this worm by 

 raking up and burning the leaves in the faU. 



Lime, Ashes, Lime Water, etc. See Remedies 

 17, .50, 71, 74, 131. 



London Purple, (90.) This insecticide, which 

 has assumed so much importance to plant 

 cultivators, is a refuse material obtained in 

 the manufacture of analine dyes, heretofore 

 worthless. It appears to be mainly an ar- 

 senite of lime. Its efficacy in the destruction 

 of insects seems to be about equal to that of 

 Paris green, although it does not act upon 

 insect life quite so rapidly. Its cost is also 

 less. See Remedy lOS; also, 1.5, 43, 67. 



Lye Solution. See Remedy 116. 



Maple Borer. See Sugar Maple Borer. 



Maple-tree Scale. See Bark Lice. 



Maggots of the Cabbage, Onion and Radish 

 Flies. (Authoinyia.) These terrible and 

 widespread destroyers are very hard to 

 combat, and so are among otu- worst insect 

 pests. The little flies, which look like small 

 house flies, lay their 

 white eggs at the base 

 of the plants. The little 

 conical maggots groove 

 and deface the Radishes 

 and utterly destroy the 

 Onions and Cabbages by 

 tunneling to under- 

 ground stems, causing 

 club-root. While the 

 kerosene and soap mix- 

 ture and bisulphide of 

 carbon will surely kill 

 if they reach the insects, 

 they are not satisfactory 

 in real practice. Owing ^^;»- E?rf!ftg^r'at 

 to difference in soil, work. 

 and the speed with which the Maggot enters 

 the plants, such remedies are not practi- 

 cal. I have found as yet no satisfactory 

 insecticide to destroy these insects. — Pro- 

 fessor Cook. 



! Rem. 91. Covering the Beds. For the Radish 



{ Maggot I know of no sure way except to keep 



the beds of early Radishes entirely covered with 



thin cloth.— Professok Cook. 



Rem. 92. Cliange of Location. For Onions 



1 and Cabbage a frequent change in the location 



' of the beds serves the best. We have found now 



for two years that a removal of our beds one-half 



I mile with an intervening orchard has saved our 



I Cabbages. If the same insect attaxiks both Onion 



I and Cabbage, as I believe is true, then we must 



! move the location of both vegetables at the same 



; time.— Pbofessob Cook. 



i Rem. 93. Destroying Affected Onions. In case 

 of an attack all affected plants should at once be 

 taken up by means of a broad-bladed knife to 

 lift the larva', and then promptly burning and 

 otherwise purifying the soil and other matter 

 lifted. 



Rem. 94. Preventing Club-root. Experiments 

 of the Eastern growers show that a Mberal dress- 

 ing of lime and gas-lime to the soil, and harrowed 

 in, acts as a preventive to Club-root and also kills 

 the Maggot.— COBYELL. 



May-bugs or May-beetles and their Larva. 

 (Lachnostcrna.) Of this well-known pest, 

 Ijoth the beetles in their winged state and 

 its larva, the White 

 Grub, are often to a 

 very injurious degree 

 destructive to vegeta- 

 tion; the former injur- 

 ing the leaves and 

 growth above ground, 

 the latter the root. 

 Indeed, in some seasons 

 May-bugs have been so 

 numerous as to devour the leaves of fruit 

 and forest trees and shrubs with an avidity 

 not much less than the Locust. They are 

 partial to the leaves of the Cherry. 

 Rem. 95. Jarring f(n- May-hugs. Same as .54. 

 Rem. 96. Crows. These destroy many of the 

 perfect insects, as well as the Grubs. 



Rem. 97. Artificial Breeding Places. Some 

 such made by covering piles of fresh cow-dung 

 with fine earth abcmt the month of May will 

 attract the Beetles, as depositing places for their 

 eggs. As these hatch before winter, by then 

 turning over the heaps and spreading them out 

 so the material will lay loosely and not more than 



Fig. 21. White Orub of 

 the May Beetle. 



