1889. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



187 



Kerosene Emulsion. Prof. Cook's kerosene 

 and soap mixture is a perfect remedy for aphides 

 or plant lice, bark lice and many bugs. Take 

 soft soap one quart, or hard soap— preferably 

 whale oil soap— one-fourth pound; two quarts 

 hot water and one pint kerosene. Stir till all are 

 permanently mixed. Then add water until the 

 kerosene forms one-flfteenth of the whole com- 

 pound. Apply with force pump when insects are 

 at work. 



Caufobnia Pyrethrum. Use Bubach, which 

 is the California-grown Pj-rethrum, and let us 

 cease to ask for or speak of "Persian or "Dalma- 

 zian" insect powder. The essential ingredient in 

 these powders is an oil, and extremely volatile. 

 The home-grown product naturally is more apt 

 t6 be fresh than the stuff imported from foreign 

 lands; use one ounce to three gallons of water. 

 This is a specific for Cabbage caterpillars. Cherry 

 and Pear slugs, etc. Dash it upon the affected 

 plants with spray bellows or force pump. 



White Hellebore. This is a sure cure for 

 the Currant worm. Dissolve one ounce in three 

 gallons of water; apply with force in spray. 

 This method is much better than applying it in 

 powder form. 



Carbolic Acid and Soap. In this Prof. 

 Cook gives us a sure preventive for the borer 

 and remedy for bark lice. Take one pint of 

 crude carbolic acid, one quart soft soap and two 

 gallons of hot water. Mix thoroughly and apply 

 with a cloth to trunk and large branches, two 

 weeks after the blossoms fall, and again two 

 weeks later (say first week in June, and again 

 last week in June). The trees seem to be thank- 

 ful for the application, and to be invigorated by 

 it, while the insects go or stay away. 



Peach Tree Borer. For borers that have 

 once made their way into Peach trees, there is 

 no remedy except cutting them out or killing 

 with a bent wire. Examine the trees in Septem- 

 ber and again in May, and kill all the worms. 



Cabbage and Onion Maggot. The maggots 

 that infest the roots of Cabbages, Turnips, 

 Radishes and Onions, are all one and the same 

 insect. To protect Onions successfully, plant 

 Cabbages close by. The insects prefer the latter, 

 and will all congregate on them. By moving 

 Cabbage patches a considerable distance every 

 year away from where Cabbages were grown 

 . the previo\is season, we can in a measure baffle 

 the maggots. Kadishes free from maggots may 

 be grown in cloth covered cold frames. 



Prof. Prentis on Fungi. Prof. Prentis of 

 the Cornell University, calls attention to the 

 fact that fungi are of more serious consequence 

 to the tiller of the soU than even insects, and 

 that the subject needs more thought and investi- 

 gation. For Apple fruit scab and leaf spot 

 (which are practically the same), a solution of 

 soda hyposulphite has been tried by Prof. Goft 

 of the New York Experiment Station, and the 

 results are encouraging. The Bordeaux mix- 



Hot Water Pipe Propagator. 



ture (sulphate of copper and hme) seems to be 

 effective for black rot, downy mildew; and 

 flour of sulphur, or the liberal use of salt are 

 cures for powdery mUdew of the Grape, and a 

 potassic sulphite solution applied in spray, a cure 

 or preventive of Gooseberry mUdew. We have 

 no positive knowledge as to cause of or remedy 

 for the Peach yellows. The disease is contagious, 

 and the entire eradication of diseased trees is 

 recommended. Pits and buds should be used 

 from healthy trees only. For Pear blight and 

 black knot in Plums and Cherries no remedy is 

 known except the knife and fire; for Plum rot 

 none except the destruction of the diseased fruits, 

 and for red rust in Raspberries, removal and 

 burning of diseased plants. 



Excessive Manuring and Grape Rot. Mr. 

 Van Dusen tells of injury done to a neighbors' 



Grape vines by rot in consequence of the applica- 

 tion of 40 wagon loads of stable manure to one 

 acre. The excess of ammonia was the probable 

 cause of injury. Mr. Hubbard also asserts that 

 heav.v applications of manure biing disease into 

 the vineyard. Light applications should be made 

 except on very poor soil. 



The Canning 1NDU.STRY. Mr. Curtice (mem- 

 ber of the large Rochester canning house) 

 crowded most excellent adWce into his remarks 

 on the canning industry. Growers and canners 

 must work hand in hand, as their interests are 

 identical. Only white Cherries are generally 

 wanted for canning,especially Bigarreau, Spanish 

 and Napoleon, or any good-sized fair meated sort, 

 of the red acid sorts. Montmorency is good, 

 ha\'ing paid 11 cents per pound for them. He 

 knows of a single Cherry tree having yielded $80 

 for fruit in one year. Plums pay the grower 

 well. He has paid from $5,000 to $8,000 a year 

 into the little town of Webster for Plums; and 

 yet there is nothing that might be called a Plum 

 orchard. Imperial Gage, Moni-oe Egg, Reine 

 Claude and a vai-iety he only knows under the 

 name of " Mottled Egg," are the ones used for 

 canning. Prunes are too high for canning pur- 

 poses. German Prunes average $.3 a bushel. 

 Prefers the Bartlett to all other Pears for can- 

 ning. The supply of fine quality in fruits does 

 not keep up with the demand, and the canners 

 have hard work to get such fruits as they want. 

 The persistent grower of superior fruits will be 

 successful financially, and need not be discour- 

 aged by the cry of low prices and overproduc- 

 tion. Canners want an acid, firm Strawberry, 

 and the Wilson is now the only one used. Of Red 

 Raspberries Cuthbert is as good as any. The de- 

 mand for Quinces is rather limited, but for that 

 good Western New York Peaches there is no 

 limit. Growers should not confine themselves to 

 Early Crawford, as it lasts only a short time. 

 Any large, yellow-meated Peach is good. Wag- 

 er, Allen, Foster, etc. By planting these varie- 

 ties besides the Crawford, the season can be 

 greatly extended. The Crawford, however, is 

 best in flavor. Of Currants the Dutch is highest 

 flavored and best for canning. He pays ■% to 5 

 cents a pound in the average. 



CONDENSED GLEANINGS. 



Effects of Using tTnsuitable Stock. In our 



orchards we frequently meet with a tree having 

 an unsightly enlargement, where the top was 

 budded or grafted upon the stock, and apparent- 

 ly just at the point of union, but in reality above 

 it. The cause of this bulging is obviously the 

 use of stock which grow slower than the variety 

 worked upon. An instance of this kind is illus- 

 trated in Gardener's Chronicle (see cut) and rep- 

 resents a Peach tree budded upon Damson Plum 

 stock. The sof (^wooded peach grows faster than 

 the harder Damson, and soon sweUs to a large 

 bulging and unsightly growth. Often such trees 

 die off when comparatively young, and the 

 weakened growth and early decay might be at- 

 tributed by the inexperienced observer, to some 

 mismanagement on the part of the gardener, 

 while the fault rests with the propagator who 

 selected an unsuitable variety of wildings as 

 stock. The swelling does not take place until the 

 budded sorts attain the size of the stock in diam- 

 eter, therefore generally after the tree has left 

 the hands of the nurseryman. There is not 

 much danger in this respect in budding peaches 

 or peach stock, but in a general way it is well to 

 bear in mind, that stock and top should be suited 

 to each other in rate of growth. 



Shelter Tress for Minnesota. We flrst planted 

 Cottonwood, which is utterly worthless; then 

 White Willow, Soft Maple, Box Cedar and White 

 Ash, in the order named. The White Ash is not 

 large and has been broken down often by the 

 snow. If we were to set another grove, we would 

 start with Soft Cedar and Box Elder, which make 

 about equal growth, growing very fast, too, if 

 well tended. They are both very beautiful trees, 

 and useful, when large enough, for building 

 fences and fuel. Two years after planting the 

 Soft Maples and Box Elders we would plant 

 rows of White Willows north and west of them, 

 not over 12 inches apart in the row. Ash, Walnut 

 and Evergreens we would plant by themselves 

 entirely out of reach of snowdrifts made by the 

 fast growing trees. The White Ash and Black 

 Walnut are very beautiful trees. We have two 

 Black Walnuts which have been planted about 

 thirteen years; they had nuts on them last year 

 for the flrst time.— Farm, Stock and Home. 



Defective Union of Stock and 

 Scion. 



Hydranireas with Blue Flowers. Hydrangeas 

 produce blue flowers, not on account of the mere 

 presence of iron in the soil in which they are 

 growing, but on account of the increased vigor 

 of growth which it engenders. In Japan, their 

 native country, the flowers of the Common Hy- 

 drangea (H. fiortfnste) are generally blue, and 

 when we in this country apply salts of iron to the 



soil, the plants 

 inconsequence 

 return to the 

 conditions 

 which prevail 

 in their native 

 habitats. Even 

 better results 

 are obtained 

 by watering 

 the soil with a 

 weak solution 

 of ammoniacal 

 alum, which 

 causes a great- 

 ly increased 

 vigor of 

 growth and 

 more ample 

 foliage. On 

 the sea-coast 

 of Glamorgan, 

 where the 

 Hydrangea is 

 planted in the 

 open ground, 

 it grows with 

 great vigor, 

 and flowers of 

 various shades 

 are produced 

 according t o 

 their age, from 

 pink to a deep 

 blue, owing, 

 doubtless, to 

 the Iron pres- 

 ent in the soil. 

 -L'll lust ra- 

 tion Horti- 

 cole. 



Fond Lilies for the Lawn. One of the most 

 beautiful lawn ornaments is a tank of White 

 Pond LUies (Nymphea odorata). An excavation 

 is made in the earth to suit the fancy, and the 

 bottom and sides are walled and cemented, leav- 

 ing a clear depth of three feet. Into this is placed 

 a foot and a half of dark sediment from the bot- 

 tom of some pond or sluggish stream. The Lily 

 roots are laid on this and another six inches of 

 the same sediment on top. Boards are then cov- 

 ered over all and weighted down, and the tank 

 filled with rain water. At the end of two weeks 

 the weights and boards are removed. Add water 

 as it evaporates, keeping the tank full all the 

 time. This should be done about May 1 in the 

 latitude of New York. When in bloom it is a 

 beauty, pure white blossoms sending their del- 

 icious fragrance all about — New York Tribune. 

 The Spanish Ja8mine(Jasminum grandiflorum). 

 This, like many other Jasmines, has flowers of 

 delicious fragrance. It is of a loose habit of 

 growth, though it can scarcely be called a 

 climber. The blossoms are much larger than 

 those of the common Jasmine, and frequently 

 suffused on the exterior with a reddish tinge, 

 while the foliage is of a very deep green. Where 

 large plants of this Jasmine exist they are very 

 valuable for cutting from. Small bushy speci- 

 mens may be obtained if the young plants are 

 stopped freely during their earlier stages. The 

 plants must not be over-potted, as the roots are 

 by no means \ngorous. It is readily propagated 

 from cuttings put in during the early spring 

 months. This Jasmine is a native of the Hima- 

 layas, but is largely cultivated throughout the 

 tropics.— Garden. 



An English Propagating Device. Many Uttle 

 contrivances for rooting cuttings in a small way 

 have been recently brought out by enterprising 

 firms, and the device put on the market by an 

 English firm, and here illustrated, can hardly be 

 called a novelty. Still it appears to be a useful 

 article for amateur purposes. It consists of a 

 tank made to fit any hot water or steam pipe, 

 about l.*) inches long, 6 inches wide and 7 inches 

 dee]), with one inch of water in the bottom, and 

 a perforated dish 5 inches deep, above. The 

 cuttings are placed in the latter. The whole is 

 made of zinc, with a smaU feeder on one side, and 

 less liable to get broken, than similar propagators 

 made.of clay. 



