268 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



August, 



1,352. Fears Cracking. This disease, which is 

 quite distinct frcim the (irdinary Peai- blight, is 

 the one long liuowii to horticulturists as "leaf 

 blight " or " scald " of the Pear. It is quite de- 

 structive, and the writer has had some experience 

 with it in New Jersey. Singularly enough it did 

 not seem to spread, but attacked the same tree 

 year after year, with perfectly healthy trees 

 almost touching it all around. The symptoms 

 of which are described by Professor Galloway 

 under 'Quince Leaf Blight " (Reply to No. B 63). 

 The same fungus attacks both fruits. The fruit 

 on attacked Pear trees also shows the carmine- 

 red spots, and these afterwards grow darker in 

 color. The skin becomes 

 very much roughened, 

 and the fruit cracks 

 deeply in the flesh, there- 

 by spoiling its appear- 

 ance, and rendering it 

 liable to speedy decay. 

 Where the disease appears 

 more or less, every year, 

 says the report, it would 

 be well to thoroghly spray 

 the trees before the buds 

 begin to swell, with the 

 Bordeaux mixture, pre- 

 pared as follows: Dissolve 

 10 pounds of sulphate of 

 copper in 32 gallons of 

 water ; in another vessel 

 slake 30 pounds of lime 

 in (i g a 1 1 o n s of water. 

 When the latter mixture 

 has cooled, pour it slowly 

 into the copper solution, 

 care being taken to mix 

 the fluids by constant stir- 

 ring. When the leaves are 

 about two-thirds grown, 

 a second application 

 should be made, this time, 

 however, using a solution 

 prepared in the following 

 proportions: 6 pounds of 

 sulphate of copper, H 

 pounds of lime, and Hi 

 gallons of water. Dissolve 

 the copper in ID gallons of 

 water, and slake the lime 

 in 6 gallons, then mix as 

 described above. The 

 mixtures are to be sprayed 

 over the entire trees by 

 means of a force pump. 

 It would also be well to 

 repeat the applications of 

 the weaker solution every 

 three or four weeks until 

 middle of August. This 

 treatment, if properly 

 carried out, promises to 

 give relief . 



1,351!. Grass from Lawn. 



The most sensible way of 



utilizing law mowings 



for fertilizing purposes is 



to feed them to poultry 



or other stock. If such 



and similar materials, 



however, are to be used 



directly as manure, this 



can be done by adding them to the compost heap. 



Mi.ving them well with the animal manures. 



Where the latter are not at hand, the mowings 



ma.v be piled up in a sijnaretn'ap, with other veg- 



et.ibleri'fiise ami the kit<hiMisliips eiii|itied upon 



it from time to time as acc-nmulateii. Or the 



grass may be mixed with loam and composted. 



Two Plansfor a Park at Cologne-on- 

 the-Rhine. 



Some years ago when we visited the oltl 

 " Volksgarden" which these plans later on 

 were designed to modernize and render 

 worthy of a large city, we found much to 

 criticise in the arrangement— among other 

 things an itndue crowding with trees which 

 were too close even for underbru.sh to grow, 

 hence bare ground beneath, etc. How dit- 

 lerent was this from Batterson park, Lon- 

 don, as we had seen it shortly before, or 

 some of the paries of Paris as we saw them 

 a little later. Some of the flower beds, on 

 the whole, we thought capable of affording 

 some satisfaction to the visitor, but there 

 was too much wood of an inferior kind, and 

 the whole in other ways far from what such 

 grounds ought to be. 



These facts were also recognized by the 

 city authorities, and resulted in the offer of 

 two large prizes for best plans of a veritable 

 "people's garden." The upper one of the 



two accompanying plans received the first 

 prize, but not being held in close conformity 

 with tlie peculiar lay and formation of the 

 site, was not adopted for execution. Neither 

 was the plan which received second prize. 



Plan No. 3 (the lower one in our illustra^ 

 tion) was designed by Mr. Kowallek, the 

 director of city gardens, and accepted by 

 the city. The arrangement of the roads 

 and walks is such that the visitor will have 

 no need to inquire for the chief points of 

 attraction. Following the graceful curves, 



winter all sorts of liquids, more or less 

 alcoholic, are sold to the skaters. 



The transformation of the old grounds 

 into this beautiful park or people's garden 

 involves an expense of only about ^200,000 

 — a mere trifle compared witli the cost of 

 similar institutions in America. 



TWO PRIZE PLANS FOR A PARK AT COLOGNE-ON-THE-RHINE. 



he is led up to them; or, if he wishes, to the 

 various exits. At the same time there are 

 numerous by-walks and paths that afford 

 easy means of distribution, and guard 

 against the danger of unpleasant crowding 

 on days when the park is more than usually 

 thronged with people. 



In the lower right-hand corner, outside 

 the parlc enclosure, we have the Eifel 

 place, with fountain surrounded by lawn, 

 etc. Four streets from the city unite here, 

 and naturally the chief entrances to the 

 park are to be found near. This, with the 

 restaurant with music hall— the leading 

 attraction for Germans— in same corner but 

 inside the park limits, are on higher ground, 

 and afford an imposing view of the grounds, 

 and upon the clear waters of the lakelet 

 with its fountains, water fowls, etc. 



The grounds around the music stand 

 towards the park side are laid off in beauti- 

 ful walks, shaded with large trees, cool and 

 pleasant. Near by is the old fort, trans- 

 formed into play grounds for children, and 

 surrounded by a fine display of carpet bed- 

 ding, etc., on one side, and the wonderful 

 Rose garden, in two sections, on the other. 



Near the lakelet, a little to the left of the 

 restaurant, we find the indispensable 

 "mineral water" stand, where the popular 

 drink is dealt out in summer, while in 



Garden Preparations at the Paris 

 Exhibition. 



The transformation of an ordinary section 

 of ground, perhaps even a desert, into a 

 blooming park with 

 wide stretches of beau- 

 tiful lawn, gigantic 

 trees that for all the 

 world look as if they 

 had occupied the 

 ground for centuries, 

 trees in fruit, and 

 shrubs in flower, pleas- 

 ing colors and con- 

 trasts, cooling shade 

 and fragrant atmos- 

 phere, and all this work 

 of years crowded into 

 the space of a few 

 months— that is what 

 the preparation of the 

 grounds for any of our 

 modern "World's 

 Fairs " amounts to. 

 The French, we may be 

 sure, are fully equal to 

 the task imposed upon 

 them l)y the approach- 

 ing Paris Exhibition, 

 and American garden- 

 ers, who visit the 

 grounds, will be re- 

 warded by many novel 

 and curious sights in 

 landscape gardening, 

 pruning, training and 

 grafting fruits, etc. A 

 correspondent of Gar- 

 deners' Chronicle gives 

 tlie following vivid de- 

 scription of it: 



What was but a few 

 weeks ago cartrutsand 

 rubbish heaps is now 

 being rapidly trans- 

 formed into neat gra- 

 vel walks, green lawns, 

 and shrubberies. Al- 

 ready some of the new- 

 ly sown lawns are quite green and fit to be 

 mowed, and very fine effects are produced 

 by carrying the green lawn right up amongst 

 the low plants at the edge of shrubberies. 

 Some large bunches of bronze and red Pasony 

 leaves with gold and silver Euonymus bush- 

 es looked very effective in the delicate new 

 Grass. In the main part of the Exhibition 

 ground in the Champ de Mars the lawns are 

 at a low level flanked by a terrace, on which 

 are planted large Palm trees about 30 feet in 

 circumference. 



The most interesting portion of the Exhibi- 

 tion to the gardener will be the ground on 

 the north side of the river sloping up to the 

 Trocadero Palace, and which is almost en- 

 tirely given up to horticultural exhibits. 

 The lower portion parallel with the river is 

 devoted to fruit trees. Here are hundreds 

 of Apples, Pears, Plums, Peaches, and Apri- 

 cots, trained in every conceivable fashion, 

 and as regular as the diagrams in an illus- 

 trated catalogue. There are beds illustrat- 

 ing the culture of Apples, Pears, Plums, and 

 Cherries as standards, half-standards, pyra- 

 mids, and bushes; then close fences and 

 trellises showing different ways of training, 

 such as single, double, forked and crossed 

 cordons, espaliers horizontal trained, ver- 

 tical trained, and radiating; then illustra- 

 tions of the best way of filling a fence or trel- 



