1889. 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



269 



lis witli various-shaped trees at the most eco- 

 nomical distances apart. 



There are also specimen trained trees, 5 

 inches or li inches diameter in the stem, in 

 the form of perfects fans, tables, dooms, or 

 pyramids, exhibiting wonders in the art of 

 training, inarching, gi-afting, and budding. 

 Here we can see beautiful little Currant and 

 Gooseberry trees on stems each 4 feet or .5 

 feet high, some having cup-shaped heads, 

 some drooping, others trained to fill the low 

 spans on a wall between fruit trees. 



Then the advocates and adversaries of 

 grafting should see the specimens illustrat- 

 ing the growth of grafts and buds one, two, 

 and three years old. I was particularly 

 struck with the vigor of a Bigarreau graft- 

 ed on St. Lucie Cherry one year old. The 

 shoot was about 1 inch in diameter, had been 

 topped at .5 feet, and had twelve lateral 

 branches. It evidently showed that the 

 stock and graft agreed pretty well ^^■ith each 

 other ; but then further up in the grounds 

 can be seen grafts which do not agree so 

 well with the stock, such as Broom on Lab- 

 urnum, and Acacias and ornamental trees. 



Next to the fruit trees come the ornament- 

 al deciduous trees, amongst which Prunus 

 triloba and the Forsythias were the most 

 noticeable in bloom. Then beds of Magnoli- 

 as, Azaleas, and Evergreens illustrating the 

 best and most ornamental forms of planting. 

 The main features of these gardens have re- 

 mained ever since the last exhibition, and 

 the little lake formed by the stream mean- 

 dering out from the rockery is exceedingly 

 natural and picturesque. A great number 

 of aquatic plants have been planted in pots 

 in this stream and are beginning to show 

 above water. 



I had the opportunity of going with a 

 friend to see the Japanese gardens. The 

 Japanese told us they had lost many of their 

 plants coming over, chiefly the stunted 

 Pines, .^o that the exhibit will not be so great 

 as was intended ; however there are some 

 very curious forms of the dwarf trees, some 

 of which are upwards of lUO years old and 

 are carried about sticking to a mass of rock 

 as a piece of furniture. The Japanese are 

 busy making up the ground, sowing seeds, 

 and arranging their flower-pots, as they have 

 some hundreds of Lilies just shooting up. 



The flower beds by the sides of the paths 

 are being filled up with showy flowers such 

 as Pansies, Wallflowers, Stocks, Anemones, 

 Forget-me-nots, Carnations, etc., so that in 

 a short time the whole place will be glowing 

 with color. 1 was much struck with the 

 beauty of a little border plant growing in 

 tuftsaboutii inches high and literally smoth- 

 ered with its pretty flowers. It is called 

 Nycterinia selagiuoides, and is well worth 

 growing in any garden. 



THE COMPLETE GARDEN. 



xxvni. 



By A WELL-KNOWN HORTICULTURIST. 

 (Continued from page 244) 



Radishes (Class E. and F.) This may be 

 grown as a crop by itself, or as a by-crop be- 

 tween rows of Cabbages, Cauliflowers, Car- 

 rots. Beets, and various other vegetables, 

 both iinder glass and iu open air. Select 

 any rich sandy or loamy soil, well provided 

 with mineral plant food and sow seed in 

 drills, one foot (more or less) apart, and one- 

 half inch deep, firming the soil well over the 

 seed. Afterwards thin to one or two inches 

 in the drills, according to variety, and give 

 clean culture. 



The two enemies which the grower has to 

 guard against are the flea beetle and the 

 maggot. Soap, wood ashes or plaster mixed 

 with Paris green, dusted over the young 

 plants jnst jis soon as they appear above 

 ground, will save them from the flea, but it 

 is a hard task to subdue the maggot. Plenty 



of lime in the soil, or soaking the soil 

 around the young plants with caustic lime 

 water is the only remedy we can suggest. 



The small red Turnip-rooted sorts, like 

 Early Erfurt, Scarlet Turnip, Early Car- 

 mine,etc., are generally used for forcing, also 

 the olive-shaped and white-tipped French 

 Breakfast, which is a favorite with market 

 gardeners, and deep scarlet Olive. All these 

 small varieties can be recommended for the 

 home garden tor first early. Long Scarlet 

 Short-Top, Long White Vienna and Chartier 

 are somewhat later long kinds. For .sum- 

 mer the White and Yellow Summer Turnip 

 and White Strassburg are excellent. Among 

 the winter sorts we have the Black Spanish, 

 the Chinese Rose, and the large, mild, and 

 very reliable California Mammoth. All 

 these are generally sown in July, August 

 and September for a winter crop. 



Rhubarb or Pie Plant (Class A). This 

 belongs to the permanent border, and may 

 be grown from seed or propagated by divi- 

 sion of the root stock. Sow the seed in 

 shallow drills In rich soil one foot apart and 

 thin or transplant to 10 or Vi inches apart. 

 In fall or spring after transi)lant to the per- 

 manent bed, four feet apart each way in 

 well-manured ground and giving clean cul- 

 ture. The varieties generally grown are 

 Wyatt's Victoria and Wyatt's Linnaeiis. 

 Size and excellence of the leaf-stalks, which 

 are used for pie material, however, are 

 dependent more on good culture and plenty 

 of feed, than on the selection of variety. 

 Plants grown from seed show considerable 

 variety in habit of growth. 



RosEMARr (Class F). Seed may be sown 

 in drills one foot apart and the plants 

 thinned if needed. The usual way, however, 

 is to plant tufts of it in well drained soil. 

 Here it will remain and yield its leaves, 

 which are used for seasoning, for many 

 years without requiring attention. 



Sage (Class F). This perennial also 

 grows without much care and attention on 

 drained soil. May be grown from seed or 



THICK-LEAVED SPINACH. 



propagated by layers. Sow seed in spring 

 in permanent bed in drills one foot apart, 

 and leave plants in or 13 inches apart. The 

 leaves are popular for seasoning, especially 

 in sausages and meat dressings. 



Salsify (Class F). Also called Vegetable 

 Oyster. Sow seed in spring, in ground pre- 

 pared same as for other root crops, having 

 drills one foot apart and thin to four inches. 

 The ground is kept clean and mellow by the 

 frequent use of wheel and hand hoe. The 

 roots are in best condition after frost, and 

 may be gathered all winter when the ground 

 is open. What is wanted for winter's use, 

 however, may be dug in November or De- 

 cember, and packed in sand in the cellar. 



The main crop can be left out where it 

 grew and only at the extreme north will it 

 be found necessary to give slight winter 

 protection by a light covering of litter or by 

 simply drawing a little soil over the plants 

 with the hoe. The newer Mammoth Sand- 

 wich Island is the best variety. 



SEA KALE. 



Savory— Summer (Class F), The leaves 

 and young shoots of this, annual are used 

 for flavoring. When danger from late 

 freezing is past, sow seed in drills one foot 

 apart and thin to a few inches apart in the 

 row. Cnltivate the same as directed 

 for other herbs. 



ScnoRozoNERA (Class F). This, although 

 a perennial plant, resembles Salsify in a 

 general way but the leaves are broader and 

 the root black in color. Jt is grown from 

 seed, and cultivated exactly like Salsify, but 

 the roots may be left to grow the second 

 year, and used even after the seedstalks 

 have made their appearance. Sometimes 

 the leaves are used as a salad. 



Si'iXACH (Class F). A vegetable that is 

 perfectly hardy and of easiest culture. For 

 a late spring crop seed is sown as early in 

 spring as the soil is in proper condition; for 

 a fall crop we sow in August and for an 

 early spring crop in September and October. 

 The ground should be well prepared and 

 enriched, and seeds sown in drills one foot 

 apart. Thinning, although advisable where 

 plants are crowding too closely, is seldom 

 practiced. When the plants have attained 

 their full size just before pushing up the 

 seed stalk, or at any convenient time before, 

 they are cut close to the ground with a 

 scuffle or Cre.sceut hoe, and used for the 

 table or marketed. Leading varieties are 

 the Round Leaf, Thick-Leafed, Viroflay, 

 Savoy-Leaved and the Long Standing. The 

 latter is more tardy in going to seed and 

 therefore more valuable for summer than 

 any of the others. 



The New Zealand Spinach, a plant of dif- 

 ferent genus, is .sometimes used in the home 

 garden as a summer variety. It needs 

 warm, rich soil and more space than 

 the true Spinachs. 



Squash (Class D). These, like Cucumbers 

 and Melons, are of a tender nature, and 

 should not be planted until the ground has 

 become thoroughly warm and then only in 

 very rich active soil so to insure the (juick, 

 healthy growth which is one of the best 

 means of preventing serious injury from 

 insects. The Bush or summer varieties are 

 somewhat hardier and may be planted a 

 few days earlier than the running or winter 

 sorts. The former are planted in hills four 

 feet apart each way, the latter require from 

 eight to twelve feet distance between the 



