276 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



September, 



Insect depredations are perhaps more to 

 be feared. Fii-st the borer. This is the same 

 that attacks the Apple, the "Wild Thorn and 

 Mountain Ash. He is a voracious fellow 

 and if allowed, will bring grief to the 

 Quince grower, in the wholesale destruction 

 of trees. First, if found in the tree, cut 

 and expurgate, using a sharp-pointed linife 

 and a sharp-pointed spring wire, then All 

 the excavation with soap. To prevent his 

 entrance remove the earth in May from the 

 base of each tree and apply freely the fol- 

 lowing wash : To a pail of common lime 

 whitewash add one quart of soft potash 

 soap and one quart of strong tobacco lye, 

 all well mixed. All the ingredients are 

 healthful to the tree. Each tree should be 

 examined in May when applying the wash, 

 and again in September, to be sure of ex- 

 emption. Tarred paper has been recom- 

 mended as a preventive, but it is attended 

 with danger. Thejcurculio, the Apple worm 

 and other insects attack the fruit, caus- 

 ing wormy, knotty and imperfect fi'uit. 

 Thorough, timely and repeated spraying 

 with London purple or Paris green will pre- 

 vent these. It has been truly remarked 

 that all these difficulties put money into the 

 pocket of the cultivator who learns how to 

 skillfully combat them. 



Varieties. The Orange, Pear, Champion 

 and Meech Quinces are all good. I advise 

 the planting of select seed to secure new 

 and more desirable varieties. Another 

 word of precaution : Whenever any fun- 

 gus trouble is seen, its removal at sight is 

 always in order. It should be invariably 

 burned to prevent is dissemination. This 

 applies not only to the Quince but to all 

 other fruits. Success is not all in land, 

 location, variety or surroundings. It is 

 largely in the cultivator. I know of the 

 most notable success in Quinces, and the 

 most complete failure only separated by a 

 division fence. One man brought all con- 

 ditions into requisition; the other neglected 

 all: it was simply a difference In the men. 



Summer Work Among The Berries. 



L. B. PIERCE, SUMMTT CO., OHIO. 



Next year's crop depends largely upon tlie 

 character of the growth made this year, and 

 in all small fruits the character is largely 

 determined by their treatment during Aug- 

 ust and September. Growth made after 

 that is soft and immature, and consequently 

 tender, easily suffering from winter weather 

 that would not injure growths made earlier. 



Cultivation of early Raspberries is the 

 first job, as they are drooping in their na- 

 ture and speedily spread out so as to make 

 it difficult to work among them. If one is 

 hurried, the cutting out of the old wood can 

 be delayed until winter or spring as it seems 

 to make little difference with the following 

 crop, when it is removed. 



In taking it out in mid-summer when the 

 new growth is tender, a careless hand will 

 often seriously injure the new canes so I 

 generally let it remain until the spring 

 pruning when tiie absence of leaves and the 

 laterals make the work comparatively harm- 

 less and much easier. 



Summer pruning is injurious to both 

 Raspberries and Blackberries, and should 

 not be indulged in to any great extent. A 

 friend of the writer had a fine plantation of 

 three acres nearly ruined by the work of 

 some boys whom he set to taking out the 

 old wood. In order to get the old canes 

 easier they indiscriminately slashed into the 

 new growth and the plants never recovered. 



It is important, however, that superfluous 

 canes should be cut out, the number left 

 being determined by the strength of the soil 

 and age of the plantation. Two or three 

 good canes to a hill is better than more. 



With red Raspberries of the suckering va- 

 rieties attention to thining and narrovring 



the rows is very important. The rows im- 

 perceptibly encroach on the spaces day by 

 day until they get to be much too wide. It 

 is not uncommon to see rows thickly massed 

 with plants, and 18 inches wide, when they 

 should not be more than six or seven. 



Raspberry suckers are apt to slip between 

 the cultivator teeth and continue to grow 

 in spite of repeated cultivation and such I 

 chop off with a hoe. 



Blackberries in a wet season make con- 

 stant encroachments on the spaces reserved 

 for the cultivator and I find it necessary 



Squash, Horse Radish, Pickles and other 

 things similar, are grown in vast quantities 

 and almost exclusively on the one crop idea. 

 We admit that an occasional year the thing 

 is overdone. The past year has been one of 

 them, but this will correct itself. So long 

 as land is plenty, which will be the case for 

 a long time yet, it is easily possible to over- 

 do any thing that is raised from the soil, 

 with railroads all the time improving on 

 their means of distribution. What is wanted 

 is a closer business relationship, between 

 the grower and the seller ; for they are two 



often to adopt heroic measures with such seperate and distinct businesses,each equally 



rank growers as the Erie and Rochelle. 



One should be clothed in tight fitting duck 

 overalls and engineer's jacket, vrith buck- 

 skin gloves, and armed with a forked stick 

 in the left hand and a short grass hook in 

 the right and a pair of puning shears in the 

 hip pocket. Thus equipped one can carry 

 on a very successful campaign against 

 suckers, projecting bushes and fallen canes. 

 Sometimes it is necessary to straighten up a 

 leaning cane that it is not best to cut off, 

 and in this case the forked stick is of assis- 

 tance in placing it behind or interweaving 

 it with a neighboring plant so it will be 

 supported. The lopping off of projecting 

 canes will make it easier to drive the horse 

 near the row, and pleasanter for the driver 

 as well. An observing and careful person 

 will also frequently see where he can bring 

 the fruit out into sight by the removal of 

 overhanging sprays. 



I know an old fr>iit grower who always 

 makes the first picking of Blackberries him- 

 self and carries a pair of pruning shears, 

 nipping away new growths so that it is 

 much easier to pick the fruit. 



necessary to the other, and as far as possible 

 prevent gluts in the principal distributing 

 centers. The telegraph, telephone, and 

 railroads must all be brought into activity 

 for the coming day. 



Poor Market Gardening will not Pay. 



EDGAR SAUNDERS, CHICAGO, ILL. 



A quarter of a century ago, railroads had 

 not cut such a figure in shipping garden 

 sass and fruits as in our own time. Profits 

 have been cut down, and we fear at least in 

 this city, a more care- 

 less system has been 

 the result, among 

 the many. A corres- 

 pondingly poorer or 

 less skillful set of men 

 have been forced in- 

 to, or have taken, the 

 place of the once 

 money-making call- 

 ing of the market 

 gardener. But a slip- 

 shod method will 

 never pay, and the 

 market gardener 

 needs to turn over a 

 new leaf, and do as is 

 now done in other 

 branches of business, 

 apply as far as possi- 

 ble labor saving ma- 

 chinery, and put in 

 heavier capital. The 

 time for small things 

 seems to be past the 

 world over evenin gar- 

 dening and farming. 



The percentage of profit on the sales of a 

 few thousand dollars is not enough to keep 

 one man and his family, as the time go, in 

 the necessaries of life. While the same per- 

 centage many times multiplied might mean 

 a fair competency. 



Specialties grown on land and in a locality 

 emmiuently fitted for the purpose, (as 

 witness the Kalamazoo Celerey growers' 

 efforts in this direction the past decade) 

 command the markets, and control in a 

 measure shipping facilities, so that in spite 

 of low prices they bring fair returns. 



There are cases within 20 miles of this 

 city, where specialties in a line like Winter 



A Cheap and Useful Home Evap- 

 orator. 



J. E. PERRIGO. NIAGARA CO., N. T. 



The evaporator drawing of which I here- 

 with enclose, has been in use last fall and 

 winter, and I was very much pleased with 

 its work. In applying the heat in this way 

 we get a more even temperature, as the heat 

 rises to the ceiling, and is drawn down 

 through the fruit, thus drying it more uni- 

 formly than when the fire is directly under 

 it. I used a fan maniifactured by E. West, 

 Lockport, N. Y., which did good service. 

 The evaporator might be used without fan, 

 but in that case could not do as much work. 

 One great advantage of the fan is you can 

 get an even circulation which you can't get 

 without it. 



I think that hot air applied in this manner 

 is better anil cheaper than steam. If the 

 present low prices of evaporated Apples con- 

 tinue, it would not pay to build and hardly 

 for those that have evaporators to start; but 

 the crop of Apples will be Ught, and and for 

 that reason I think the price will advance. 



The following will serve to explain ar- 

 rangement of my building. The furnace 



SPREADING TABLE 



J 



MR. PERRIGO'S DOWN-DRAFT FRUIT EVAPORATOR. 



room is lined with fire-proof paper and 

 should be air tight or nearly so. We take 

 in cold air directly over fiu-nace, whence it is 

 carried back over surface of heater to rear 

 of heater by means of a sheet-iron jacket 

 which thoroughly heats it and also furnishes 

 draft and helps circulation. 



I have H sections in my evaporator for 

 racks, each section is partitioned off by it- 

 self, thereby causing direct draft through 

 each. There is also cut oft' between them 

 two outside sections so that I can use the 

 others without them. The exhaust pipe is 

 attached to center of dryer and is made of 

 sheet-iron and ao inches in diameter, and 



