292 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



September, 



yellow; Rosea spleiidctiK, double rose; 

 t<hau-'s scc<1Un(i, single violet. 



It must be remembered that the flowers of 

 the double varieties on small plants will 

 most fretiuently be semi-doiible and of indis- 

 tinct colors. 



^''•■**te 



What is in a Name? 



PROF. J. L. BUDD, AGRICULTURAL COLLEOE, IOWA. 



When the mail came this morning with 

 the ever welcome Popul.\r Gakdexixg, I 

 had .iust come in with hands full of shrub 

 blossoms which suggested the above head- 

 ing. In receiving plants, shrubs or trees, 

 with the same botanical name from widely 

 separated parts of our own country, or from 

 foreign countries, we find marked variations 

 in leaf, bud. habit, etc., and above all in 

 ability to endure a given climate. 



As familiar instances the Box Elder of 

 the south eastern states is as tender here as 

 a Persian Peach, and it dif- 

 ers from our form, which is 

 hardy enough to grow on 

 the Red River of the North, 

 in leaf, habit, texture of 

 wood, flower and seed; yet 

 botanieally they are Neg- 

 undo aceroides. In like 

 manner the Silver Spruce 

 (Picai ptinriens) of the west 

 slopes of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains is nearly as tender as 

 a weed with us, and differs 

 in many respects from the ' 



iron-clafl form found east 1 



of the range. 



Investigation will show 

 the same variability of plant 

 and hardiness of every American tree or 

 shrub widely distributed over our continent. 

 This fact is noted at this time to show that 

 we may receive hardy or tender plants from 

 Europe or Asia under the same name. 



A few examples now before me may 

 have some interest: 



JosiKA LiL.^c. A few years ago we 

 secured four plants of Lilac from Rochester 

 New York, marked Syrinrin Josihcea. In 

 our climate they sunburned in summer and 

 were frozen back in winter, and were 

 denounced as failures. 



Hence when in Russia in the summer of 

 \SH2 we were surprised to find tree-like 

 specimens of the Josika Lilac loaded with 

 great trusses of rich purple blossoms in a 

 climate where the American Yellow Locust 

 froze down each winter to the earth to 

 come up again like a perennial weed. 



But we now And it wholly different from 

 the Josika Lilac, said to have come from 

 Transylvania. In addition to its being 

 utterly defiant to the heat, cold and drought 

 of our recent test seasons, it has larger, 

 thicker and more wrinkled foliage, is a 

 much larger and stronger grower, its flower 

 trusses are larger and more numerous, its 

 color is a much handsomer purple, and 

 above all the flowers are so fragrant that a 

 vase of them will flU a house with perfume, 

 yet it is plain to see that it is a variety of 

 the same race and botanieally it must 

 have the same specific name. 



LlGUSTRUM VULGAEE. The Common 

 Privet of west Europe fails to endure the 

 summer's heat or winter's cold of a large 

 portion of the prairie states north of the 

 40th parallel, yet the Ligustrum vulgare 

 from near Warsaw in Poland we find hardy 

 on the 4-2nd parallel, and that received 

 from central Russia under the same name 

 we find hardy up to the «th parallel, and to 

 differ in leaf, bud, flower, habit and fruit 

 from the common form far more than does 

 the Catalpa bignonoides of the east and 

 south and the Catalpa speciosa of the west. 



Betila alba. As received from France 

 and Germany, the European White Birch 

 fails to endure our summer heat and drouth. 



Every tree on our grounds has lost its top 

 during our recent dry period. Yet eight 

 years ago we set a few one year old plants 

 of Betula alba from East Europe in Blue 

 Grass sod on dry upland where the native 

 Red Elm shows dead branches as the result 

 of the three year's drought we have ex- 

 perienced. Now they are thirty feet in 

 height, almost as straight as the Lombardy 

 Poplar, and models of health and beauty. 



QuERCUs rEDUN'CULATA. Any of the 

 varieties of the British Oaks of the Robur 

 section fail to endure the climate of the 

 western states. Yet our trees grown fi-om 

 Acorns marked Quenmx pcd}incid(it(i from 

 central Russia are models of health and 

 have made more rapid growth than any 

 native Oaks of the same age we ever grew. 



Without giving farther examples I will 

 say that our grounds forcibly teach the les- 

 son that botanical names mean nothing in 







I MISCELLANEOUS •-.'• i/,^' ^^«7/.v;;'IV?';'W,,,, ~^-^^" llk!^ 



■fCRMS <=r GROWTH '^."w"-'-"',')' V.flf'^f ^^k'-^- '^ 





[ORASS-LIKE 



i F^RMS OF GROWTH 



ARRANGING HARDY PLANTS IN THE GARDEN. 



the great work of correcting nature's faulty 

 distribution of the economic plants. Years 

 ago we failed to grow the Tamarix, the 

 Purple Fringe, the Daphne, the European 

 Horse Chestnut, the European Linden, and 

 dozens of other shrubs and trees from west 

 Europe, Japan or South China. Yet now 

 we have iron-clad forms— often of the same 

 names— from interior Europe and Asia. 



THE COiVIPLETE GARDEN.* 

 XXVIX. 



BY A WELL-KNOWN HORTICULTURIST. 



{Continued from page 271).) 



IIAIiDV HERBAfEOUS PLANTS FOR THE 



FLOWER GARDEN. 



For embellishing material additional to 

 the trees and shrubs referred to in previous 

 chapters, the manager of a Complete Gai-den 

 will make no mistake if he depends largely 

 on the ornamental hardy herbaceous plants. 

 This class might be introduced as the peren- 

 nial ornamental plants of the temperate 

 zones and their improved varieties. Some- 

 times they are called " Old-fashioned Flow- 

 ers,'' because they are the flowers that were 

 almost exclusively used in gardens previous 

 to twenty years ago. 



It was at about the period named when 

 the craze for scarlet Geraniums, and other 

 brilliant tender bedding plants to be used 

 for lawn adornment came in, and for a time 

 threatened to supplant the older favorites. 

 But this new class of flowers brought from 

 the greenhouses were found to be incompar- 

 ably more costly while they lacked the beau- 

 ty and immense variety of the hardy plants, 

 not to say that thier season was nearly three 

 months shorter, namely outside the frost sea- 

 son. The tender class satisfied people of 

 long purses for a time, hut in recent years a 

 reaction against them has set in, both in 

 England and in America, and now the 

 friends of the hardy flowers find more in- 

 terest awakened for their favorites than ever 

 before. Their culture is now rapidly increas- 

 ing to the delight of all true plant lovers. 



With a good selection of hardy flowers the 

 garden may be gay with bloom' continually 



•Copyright, IMi. Popular Gardening Publishing Co. 



from snow to snow, and affording besides 

 some of the mostbeautiful known forms of 

 plant habit and leaf growth. The plants are 

 adapted for every soil and situation. A most 

 desirable quality is that once planted they 

 live from year to year increasing in size. 

 Nothing can have a greater charm to the 

 lover of nature, than the sight of the hardy 

 perennials bursting the earth in the early 

 springtime, a reminder that the new season 

 is awake. It is a sight that thrills alike the 

 hearts of childhood and of old age. 



The writer desiring to do all in his power 

 to increase the culture of the hardy flowers 

 has carefully prepared a classification of 

 them, partly descriptive, to intelligently 

 guide those who are not familiar with the 

 large assortment now at the command of 

 planters. With the lists which follow be- 

 fore the planter he should have no difficulty 

 in making a selection, however, large, that 

 should prove entirely sat- 

 isfactory. The leading 

 growers of hardy flowers 

 in this country are H. 

 Myers, Passaic, New Jer- 

 sey; Pitcher & Manda, 

 Short Hills, New Jersey; 

 EUwanger & Barry, Roch- 

 ester, New York ; Ben- 

 .iamin Elliot, Pittsburgh, 

 Pa. The plants are inex- 

 pensive. 



Arrangement. The ar- 

 rangement of hardy fiow- 

 ; ers in borders is very sim- 



ple. A general point to be 

 observed is to keep the 

 lower growers in the fore 

 ground and grading according to height 

 from here back. Regard should be had to 

 so placing the flowers of the different sea- 

 sons throughout the border that no part will 

 ever be entirely without plenty of flowers. 

 Another excellent feature for hardy borders 

 is to group the plants which possess simi- 

 larity of habit somewhat by themselves as 

 suggested in the annexed engraving, thus: 

 grass-like growths somewhat together, kinds 

 with ornamental foliage together, etc. By 

 this means one introduces system into the 

 arrangement, and this is a charm in any 

 kind of gardening. 



CLASSIFIED lists OF HARDY FLOWERS. 



Key to n Selection: Note the Letters preceding 

 each hind. 





For a Superior 

 Collection of 



1 2.5 kinds for border choose A. 

 ■m " •■ add B. 



( 7.5 " " " r. 



For the next best kinds choose D. 

 For the uncultivated Wild Garden choose e. 

 For attractive foliage choose f. 

 For Grass-like growths choose g. 

 For a Rocker.y choose h. 

 For a boggy soil choose i. 



For kinds that will succeed in the shade choose ,/. 

 For kinds suitable for clumps on the lawn 

 choose fc. 



Note.— r?ie seamn given uiU vary within the 

 time named aeenrding ti> hteation. 

 Class 1. Usually less than one foot in height 

 Name. Color. Season. 



C Adonis vernalis yellow April, May 



Ti h A.iuga {Bugle) alpina 



var b(!(e, etc May, June 



h Al.vssum argent eum . j/dtoic May, later 



D Anemore Pulsatilla 



{Panquc flower) purple April, May 



D nemorosa ( W(jod 



Anemore) pale blue Mar., May 



Li nemorosa fl pi 



[Vimhlc Wood A.).. white Mar., May 



C h Arabis {Wall Crem) in 



var white Mar., June 



h Arenaria aculeata ichitf April, May 



.)■ Asperula odorata 



( Woodruff) white May, July 



(' h Aubretia deltoidea 



var hlue April.June 



D Bellis {Uav'y) 



perennis white, red. . .May, Aug. 



