The Caltlval'ton of the Grape. 27 



couutry. Having given the varieties adapted to wine making, we will 

 now proceed to remark the kind.s of soil best suited to their growth, mode 

 of cultivating, etc. 



Grapes should always be planted in a dry calcareous loam, with a gra- 

 velly or open subsoil if possible, at least soil not retentive of water, as 

 grapes do not mildew and are less subject to decay before fully ripe in 

 such soil, than soil not positively dry. 



The aspect chosen should be any but a Northern one for a vineyard, as 

 a northern exposure does not gte the sun the necessary chance to ripen 

 the fruit. Elevated surfaces arc always to be preferred for vineyards, as 

 they are less liable to suflfer from frosts. The best mode of propagating 

 is undoubtedly by cuttings, especially if tliey are wanted for large vine- 

 yards. The cuttings should be from twelve to fourteen inches in Icngtli, and 

 contain four to fiv eyes ; they should be planted the first year in beds or in 

 nurseiy rows ; if planted in rows, the rows should be three feet apart, and 

 the cuttings in the rows one foot distant, and should be bitried, so as to 

 leave but one eye above ground. Cuttings planted in beds and well 

 mulched with the reflise from woolen mills, or even tan bark, have been 

 known to do even better than when planted in rows. For transplanting, 

 the vines should be taken up at one year's growth from the cutting ; they 

 should be carefully taken up and the roots guarded against exposure to 

 drying winds, as the fibres are small and easity dried, and should be 

 secured from the rays of the sun. The iiolc should be dry, large, and the 

 ground for the vineyard should be cither trenched or subsoiled. Care 

 should be taken to prune both the roots and the tops ; the vine should be' 

 citt down to two eyes, and all bruised roots or fibres should be evenly cut 

 off with a sharp knife. The best distance to plant, and the best mode of 

 cultivation, are practiced in Ohio. The Ohio method is to plant the vines 

 three feet apart one way and five feet the other ; planting this distance gives 

 2600 vines per acre ; this acre, independent of pruning, can be cultivated 

 at the same expense of an acre of corn, or any other cultivated crop, and 

 the yield of wine the fourth year from transplanting will average 350 gal- 

 lons per acre, which will readily sell at as many dollars, from which 

 amount deduct $100 for cultivation, and it will leave $250 a year profiti 

 per acre. I ani told one gentleman in Ontario Co., N. Y., the past year, 

 sold from one acre the grape in fruit to the amount of $1400. 



The following is taken from R. Buchanan's treatise on the " Culture 

 of the Grape," on pruning and training : " In the spring cift the young 

 vine down to a single eye or bud at first, if two are left for greater safety 



