352 Forest Trees for Waste Lands. 



although these trees are of slower growth than the Locust, and 

 they require a stronger soil for good growth, they will be found to 

 come to six inches in diameter at the bole before the planter ia 

 aware of it. The common red heart Cedar is another tree worthy 

 of cultivation. On many soils this tree will spring up naturally, 

 and if trimoxed up at the Dole, they may be made to make a 

 straight and erect growth. For fence posts, the Cedar is very 

 valuable, also when growing in open pastures with the trunks 

 well trimmed up they make a fine appearance, and like other 

 evergreen trees, they maintain the same grand appearance 

 throughout the year. Also this tree will make a good hedge, or 

 line fence, when planted close and allowed to grow for that pur- 

 pose — which is often wanted, particularly on the north and west 

 Bides of old fields much exposed to winds and cold. Cattle and oth- 

 er tame stock may be allowed to feed among these trees, as they 

 will not injure evergreens by browsing, as they will deciduous 

 trees during the growing season. The native Hemlock is also a 

 valuable ornamental evergreen shade tree, and although this treo 

 grows more naturally in thick forests, yet it will do well when 

 transplanted and grown as an open standard, giving a dai'ker 

 and heavier foliage than do the Cedars or Spruces. Natural open 

 woodlands are also worthy the attention of the farmer ; they 

 should be encouraged to grow wherever they are. Such lands 

 will admit of the valuable pasture grasses growing for stock, and 

 generally will not be troubled with under-brush ; if so, they 

 should be cut out and kept down. 



Another great advantage of such lands for pasture is, that the 

 trees afibrd a protection for animals in case of severe weather 

 and storrns, which we often have throughout the growing season. 

 And finally, the advantages which spring up from covering our 

 rocky, waste, poor lands with forest trees, is much greater than 

 we can enumerate. On many such poor soils, they have become so 

 exhausted by the plow, washing rains, scalding suns, and bleach- 

 ing winds, that the grasses cease to grow ; so it is impossible to 

 recruit them except by reproduction. Hence they must have help 

 in that way, and where these soils are covered by shade from the 

 weather and sun's rays, the tree roots branch out and up near 

 the surface, thus opening the soil and imparting fertility to it ; 

 then the pasture grasses will begin to grow, and finally, in 



