384 Editorial Miscdlany. 



son ; tbey are the red, damask, velvet, double Provence Rose ; 

 the sweet musk Rose, double and single, and the double and sin- 

 gle white Rose. The Provence Rose was probably first imported 

 in the 15th century, when the occupation of France by the English 

 may be conjectured to have caused the introduction of many ad- 

 ditional varieties of fruits and flowers. The marriage of Marga- 

 ret of Anjou with Henry VI., may be regarded also as an event 

 likely to have brought the Provence Rose to our northern climate. 

 Of all the flowers, however, known to our ancestors, the Gilly- 

 flower, or Clove Pink {clou-de-girojiee), was the commonest, and to 

 a certain degree the most esteemed. 



Mr. Loudon has stated, erroneously, that the cruelties of the 

 Duke of Alva, in 156t, were the occasion of our receiving through 

 the Flemish weavers. Gillyflowers, Carnations, and Provence 

 Roses. The Gillyflower had been known and prized in England 

 centuries before. At the end of the 16th century, Lawson, who 

 terms it the king of flowers, except the rose, boasted that he had 

 Gillyflowers " of nine or ten several colors, and divers of them as 

 biggc as Roses. Of all the flowers (save the Damaske Rose) 

 they are the most pleasant to sight and smell. Their use is much 

 in ornament, and comforting the spirites, by the sence of smell- 

 ing." There was a variety of this flower well known in early 

 times as the wall Gillyflower, or bee flower, " because grow- 

 ing on walles, even in winter, and good for bees." The reserved 

 rent " unius clavi gariofili," which is of such frequent occurrence in 

 medieval deeds relating to land, meant simply the render of a 

 Gillyflower, although it has been usually understood to signify 

 the payment of a Clove of commerce ; the incorrectness of this 

 reading must be apparent, if it is recollected that the Clove was 

 scarcely known in the 12th and 13th centuries, when this kind of 

 reserved rent was most common. Another flower of common 

 growth in medieval orchards, or gardens, was the Pervinke, or 

 Periwinkle : — 



"There sprang the Violet all newe, 

 And fresh Pervinke, rich of hewe, 

 And flowris yellow, white, and rede, 

 Such plente grew there nor in the mead." 



ClIALCKK. 



As this plant will flower under the shade of trees or lofty walls, 

 it was well adapted to ornament the securely enclosed, and possi- 



