44 MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



tively cool season at Ottawa. The Concord, on the other hand, 

 rarely ripens there. 



Sufficient has probably now been said to show the important 

 relation of the local climate to the kinds and varieties of fruits 

 which will succeed best and the importance of growing those that 

 reach their highest development under certain climatic conditions. 



Originating Hardy Varieties. 



What is being done to obtain other sorts more suited to the many 

 climates found in North America? I shall in this paper do little 

 more than describe some of the work which is being carried on in 

 Canada, as it is with this that I am most familiar, but busy workers 

 are engaged on problems more or less similar in the various States 

 in this country. 



Although the Mcintosh and Fameuse apples are well-known 

 fruits and both natives of Canada, the number of varieties of fruits 

 of Canadian origin grown commercially in Canada is very limited. 

 Up to the time when the Experimental Farms were established in 

 1886 there were few persons that were interested in originating new 

 fruits and even today the number interested is very limited. 

 Canadians have had to depend for their fruits of all kinds mainly 

 on other countries, the United States having contributed the largest 

 number, but even in the United States little systematic effort has 

 been made to originate fruits until recent years, most of those now 

 on the market being chance seedlings the merits of which have been 

 discovered. 



Let us now see what has been done and is being done by syste- 

 matic work in Canada and the United States in the development 

 of fruits for special conditions, and as I am more familiar with our 

 own work than any other the results of it will be given in some 

 detail to show what can be accomplished; and as the largest part 

 of the work has been with the apple this fruit will be dealt with first. 



In Canada there are many climates varying from the extremely 

 mild one of the West coast and Vancouver Island to the extremely 

 cold one of the north and central parts where the temperature in 

 winter frequently falls to between 50° and 60° below zero. There 



